Chapter2/3: Flashcards
Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)
The compound that is the important intracellular energy source ; cellular energy
Acid
A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution
Base
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor
Carbohydrate
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ; includes starches, sugar, cellulose
Enzyme
A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body
Lipids
Organic compound formed of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen ; fats and cholesterol
Nucleic Acids
Class of organic molecules include DNA and RNA
pH
The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration ; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Protein
A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells
Nucleus
A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell
Chromatin
The structures in the nucleus that carry hereditary factors(genes)
Chromosomes
Bar like body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division
Microvilli
The tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells ; increase surface area for absorption
Cytoplasm
The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus
Cytsol
Part of the cytoplasm that is not held by any organelles in the cell
Mitochondria
The rod like cytoplasmic organelle responsible for ATP generation
Ribosomes
Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized
ER
A membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell
Golgi Appartus
Packaging organelle like the ER
Lysosomes
Organelle that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes
Cytoskeleton
Intracellular proteins that help a cell with shape and support and movement
Centrioles
A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules
Template
Pattern
Gene
Biological units of heredity located in chromatin
