CHAPTER3 (Breeding System)

Question 1

• It is a systematic way of bringing together superior genotype to produce the desired products.

Answer 1

Breeding Systems

Question 2

is a mating of two purebred animals of the same breed.

Answer 2

Pure breeding

Question 3

animal that is defined as a member of breed, which possesses a common ancestry and distinctive characteristics,
and is either registered or eligible for registration in that breed.

Answer 3

Purebred

Question 4

• Is the system where unrelated individuals are mated to produce the next generation.

Answer 4

Out Breeding

Question 5

There should not be a common ancestor for at least four generation back in the pedigree of the boar and the females with which he is mated.

Answer 5

Outbreeding

Question 6

Goal is to produce breeding stock

Answer 6

Pure-breeding

Question 7

It is useful mating system in purebred individuals

Answer 7

Outbreeding

Question 8

• This involves the mating of individuals that are related to each closely other by ancestry.

Answer 8

INBREEDING

Question 9

The adverse effects of this breeding system is depressions, may include reduction in litter size and weight at birth and at weaning; ovulation rate and fertility; and sperm production.

Answer 9

Inbreeding

Question 10

• A form of inbreeding which attempts to concentrate the inheritance of one ancestor or line of ancestors within a herd.

Answer 10

Line-breeding

Question 11

is where breeders frequently choose to mate parents who have a common ancestor, but who are not as closely related as in close inbreeding.

Answer 11

Line-breeding

Question 12

The aim is generally to improve or maintain specific traits within the breed

Answer 12

Line-breeding

Question 13

is a mating of two individuals belonging to different breeds.

Answer 13

Crossbreeding

Question 14

This is being practiced to take advantage of heterosis or hybrid vigor and to elicit the desirable characteristics of parental breeds.

Answer 14

Crossbreeding

Question 15

• improved performance in growth rate and reproduction seen in crossbred individuals as compared to their straight bred parents

Answer 15

Hybrid vigor

Question 16

• the increased vigor and livability displayed by crossbred pigs.

Answer 16

Heterosis

Question 17

refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.

Answer 17

Heterosis

Question 18

Mating of 2 different breeds

Answer 18

Two-way cross

Question 19

Mating of three different breeds

Answer 19

Three-way cross

Question 20

Mating of four different breeds

Answer 20

Four-way cross

Question 21

• A system of breeding where native breeds are usually crossed with pure breed of swine

Answer 21

UPGRADING

Question 22

An upgraded Native pigs from Batangas x Duroc Jersy

Answer 22

Kaman

Question 23

An upgraded Native pig from Btangas x Berkshire

Answer 23

Black Diani

Question 24

An upgraded Native pig from Jala jala Rizal x Berkshire

Answer 24

Berkjala

Question 25

To assure the distribution of breeding stock in the country

Answer 25

Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program

Question 26

To identify, accredit, and promote swine farms that produce genetically superior quality breeder stock

Answer 26

Administrative Order (AO) No. 14, series of 2000

Question 27

Is aimed at sustaining advances in local swine production by insuring availability and wide distribution of good quality breeding stock to both large commercial and small swine raisers.

Answer 27

Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program

Question 28

Puberty vs. Sexual Maturity

Answer 28

Puberty is the stage when an animals’ reproductive system begins to develop while sexual maturity is when the animals’ is fully able to reproduce

Question 29

Is the beginning of reproductive capability or sexual maturity of an animals

Answer 29

Puberty

Question 30

A phase where there is an Increasing estrogen secretion as the oocyte and follicle mature towards ovulation (release of the egg).

Answer 30

Follicular Phase

Question 31

A Phase where there is an Increasing progesterone from development of corpus luteum. Phase of physiological changes surrounding the determination of pregnancy.

Answer 31

Luteal Phase

Question 32

stage of follicular phase where estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted increasing in preparation for estrus. Small pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) also begin to be released.

Answer 32

Proestrus

Question 33

stage of follicular phase where oocyte has reached maturity. Estrogen, FSH, and LH secretion peaks, causing the follicle to rupture and ovulation to occur.

Answer 33

Estrus

Question 34

Ovulation typically occurs within __ __ hours of peak estrogen release.

Answer 34

24 - 48 hours

Question 35

A stage where estrogen, LH, and FSH have all declined and the female is no longer sexually receptive to the boar.

Answer 35

Metestrus

Question 36

The ovarian follicles, which released oocytes during ovulation, begin the process of _______ to become the corpus hemmorhagicum, and then the corpus luteum.

Answer 36

luteinization

Question 37

The ovarian follicles, which released oocytes during ovulation, begin the process of luteinization to become the _____ ________, and then the corpus luteum.

Answer 37

corpus hemmorhagicum

Question 38

is the longest stage of the estrous cycle because recognition of pregnancy happens during this phase.

Answer 38

Diestrus

Question 39

During this stage, progesterone continues to increase around day 12 of gestation.

Answer 39

Diestrus

Question 40

Pregnancy or gestation period of gilts and sow range from ___ to ___ days an average of ___ days (best remembered as “3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days”)

Answer 40

Pregnancy or gestation period of gilts and sow range from 110 to 119 days an average of 114 days (best remembered as “3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days”)

Question 41

involves bringing the boar to mate an "in heat" gilt/ sow or vice versa, and then separating the two after mating.

Answer 41

Natural mating

Question 42

The most practical and efficient method to carry out genetic improvement in swine

Answer 42

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Question 43

is generally dependent on the genetic superiority of the boar and the possibility of spreading its qualities to more females to produce offsprings of better genetic quality.

Answer 43

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Question 44

consists of clear seminal fluid, some gel, and dead sperm cells, and is heavily contaminated with bacteria. This should not be collected.

Answer 44

First phase (pre-sperm fraction)

Question 45

is around 50mL in volume, creamy-white in colour, and contains the greatest density of spermatozoa.

Answer 45

Second phase (sperm-rich fraction)

Question 46

is about 80ml in volume, and greyish in colour due to the lower density of spermatozoa.

Answer 46

Third phase

Question 47

is up to 250ml. Clear seminal plasma (free of spermatozoa) and gel is secreted from the accessory glands (the gel is separated from the collection by gauze, or similar material, fastened over the collection flask).

Answer 47

Fourth phase (post-sperm fraction)

Question 48

Fast and forward progression where sperm move in a straight direction

Answer 48

Grade 4

Question 49

Sperm move forward but at a slower speed and/or in a curved direction

Answer 49

Grade 3

Question 50

Sperm move slowly and in a poorly defined direction

Answer 50

Grade 2

Question 51

Sperm move but fail to progress forward

Answer 51

Grade 1

Question 52

Sperm shows no sign of movement

Answer 52

Grade 0