CHAPTER4

Question 1

The pig has a digestive system which is classified as __________ or nonruminant. Humans also have this type of digestive system.

Answer 1

Monogastric

Question 2

The digestive tract of the pig has five main parts:

Answer 2

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 3

The ______ is where food enters the digestive tract and where mechanical breakdown of food begins.

Answer 3

Mouth

Question 4

The _____ chew and grind food into smaller pieces.

Answer 4

Teeth

Question 5

produced in the mouth, acts to soften and moisten the small food particles.

Answer 5

Saliva

Question 6

The ______ helps by pushing the food toward the esophagus.

Answer 6

Tongue

Question 6

also contains an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch.

Answer 6

Saliva

Question 7

The _____ is a tube which carries the food from the mouth to the stomach.

Answer 7

Esophagus

Question 8

_____ is a mixture of food and saliva during the process of chewing

Answer 8

Bolus

Question 8

There are three main salivary glands, which include the;

Answer 8

Parotid
Mandibular
Sub-lingual glands

Question 8

The _______ ____ contain mainly serous cells, whereas the ________ and _________ _______ contain both serous and mucus cells. Only the _______ _____ contain amylase.

Answer 8

The Parotid glands contain mainly serous cells, whereas the Mandibular and Sub-lingual glands contain both serous and mucus cells. Only the Sublingual glands contain amylase

Question 9

is a muscular ring that controls the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach, preventing reflux.

Answer 9

Lower Esophageal Sphincter or Cardiac Sphincter

Question 9

Movement of food through the esophagus involves muscle ______, which is the contraction and relaxation of muscles to move the food.

Answer 9

Peristalsis

Question 10

The stomach has four distinct areas which include the;

Answer 10

Esophageal Region
Cardiac Region
Fundic Region
Pyloric Region

Question 10

• This region of the stomach does not secrete digestive enzymes but has significance in that this is where ulcer formation in pigs occurs.

Answer 10

Esophageal Regions

Question 10

• In the _______ _______of the stomach, mucus is secreted and mixed with the digested food.

Answer 10

Cardiac Region

Question 10

• In this region, gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid, resulting in a low pH of 1.5 to 2.5.

Answer 10

Fundic Region

Question 11

• This region is responsible for secreting mucus to line the digestive membranes to prevent damage from the low pH digesta as it passes to the small intestine.

Answer 11

Pyloric Region

Question 12

is a muscular organ responsible for storage, initiating the breakdown of nutrients, and passing the digesta into the small intestine.

Answer 12

Stomach

Question 13

Produced by Chief Cells The inactive form of the Enzyme
Pepsin

Answer 13

Pepsinogen

Question 13

Active form of pepsinogen

Answer 13

Pepsin

Question 13

Produced by chief cells for triglyceride digestion

Answer 13

Lipase

Question 14

Produced by Parietal Cell causes low PH level in the stomach activating Pepsinogen to Pepsin

Answer 14

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Question 14

Produced by chief cells responsible for milk clotting

Answer 14

Chymosin

Question 15

Produced by Epithelial Tissue to protect the lining of students

Answer 15

Mucin

Question 26

is the predominant protease. It has potent milk clotting activity at pH around 6.

Answer 26

Chymosin

Question 27

plays two important roles in gastric juice. Firstly, it facilitates protein digestion and then denaturates dietary protein thereby exposing peptide bonds to proteolytic enzymes.

Answer 27

HCL

Question 28

- regulates the amount of chyme (digesta) that passes into the small intestine.

Answer 28

Pyloric sphincter

Question 29

food that has been processed in the stomach

Answer 29

Chyme

Question 30

the first part of the small intestine

Answer 30

Duodenum

Question 31

an alkaline substance, neutralizes the acid, raising the pH and preventing damage to the intestinal lining

Answer 31

Bicarbonate

Question 32

is the major site of nutrient absorption and is divided into three sections.

Answer 32

Small intestine

Question 33

approximately 12 inches long and is the portion of the small intestine that ducts from the pancreas (Pancreatic duct) and the liver (gall bladder) bile duct are connected.

Answer 33

Duodenum

Question 34

- This portion of the small intestine involves both the further breakdown of nutrients as well as the beginning of absorption of nutrients.

Answer 34

Jejunum

Question 35

Mucosa is comprised of finger-like projection called _____, which in turn contain more micro-size projections called _________. The tips of the microvilli form web-type structures called ________.

Answer 35

Villi Microvilli Glycocalyx

Question 36

Breaks down the disaccharide maltose into two glucose molecules.

Answer 36

Maltase

Question 37

Hydrolyzes lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose.

Answer 37

Lactase

Question 38

Converts sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose.

Answer 38

Sucrase

Question 39

Further break down peptides (short chains of amino acids) into individual amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

Answer 39

Peptidase

Question 40

is involved with both exocrine and endocrine excretions and is responsible for secretion of insulin and glucagon in response to high or low glucose levels in the body.

Answer 40

Pancreas

Question 41

To digest Dietary Carbohydrates

Answer 41

Pancreatic Amylase

Question 42

To digest dietary fats

Answer 42

Pancreatic Lipase

Question 42

Pancreatic proteases are;

Answer 42

Trypsin Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase

Question 43

serves as a filter for removing toxic substances from the blood, as well as functions in the creation of bile.

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and carboxypeptidase which are activated by the enzyme called __________.

Answer 44

Enteropeptidase

Question 44

that is created in the liver is stored in the gallbladder

Answer 44

Bile

Question 45

Which are the active portion of bile in the digestion process, primarily assist in the digestion and absorption of fat but also help with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and aids pancreatic lipase in the small intestine.

Answer 45

Bile salts

Question 46

encompasses four main sections. Its main function is the absorption of water.

Answer 46

Large intestine

Question 46

has two sections, first a section that has a blind end, where material can not pass though. The second portion where it connects to the colon, where digesta is passed to the rectum and anus where the remaining digesta is excreted.

Answer 46

Caecum

Question 47

These can be readily absorbed in the large intestine. Generally these provide only enough energy to assist in the nutrient requirements of the epithelium of the large intestine.

Answer 47

VFAs - Volatile Fatty Acids

Question 47

are synthesised in the large intestine and are absorbed in a very limited amount, but not significant to alter nutritional supplementation of them.

Answer 47

B-vitamins