chapter32

Question 1

is a partial or complete tearing of the ligaments that hold various bone together to form

Answer 1

sprain

Question 2

happens during trauma when a joint is forced or twisted past its normal ROM

Answer 2

sprain

Question 3

what are the most common place where sprain occur

Answer 3

ankle
knee
and wrist

Question 4

tenderness at site

mild swelling and no loss of function

no abnormal motion

slight stretching and microscopic tearing of ligaments

Answer 4

grade I (MILD)

Question 5

grade I (MILD)

Answer 5

tenderness at site

mild swelling and no loss of function

no abnormal motion

slight stretching and microscopic tearing of ligaments

Question 6

more severe pain

especially w/ wt bearing

swelling and bleeding into joint

some loss of function

partial tearing of ligaments

Answer 6

grade II (MODERATE)

Question 7

grade II (MODERATE)

Answer 7

more severe pain

especially w/ wt bearing

swelling and bleeding into joint

some loss of function

partial tearing of ligaments

Question 8

pain may be less severe

swelling

loss of function

bleeding into joint are more marked

complete tear of ligaments producing instability of the joint

Answer 8

grade III (SEVERE)

Question 9

grade III (SEVERE)

Answer 9

pain may be less severe

swelling

loss of function

bleeding into joint are more marked

complete tear of ligaments producing instability of the joint

Question 10

how are sprain dx

what are they trying to rule out

Answer 10

physical and radiographic examination to rule out a fracture or other pathology

Question 11

what is the acronym used for treatment of sprain

Answer 11

RICE

Question 12

what does the R mean when treating sprain

Answer 12

REST

Question 13

what does the I mean when tearing sprain

Answer 13

ICE

Question 14

what does the C mean when treating sprain

Answer 14

COMPRESSION

Question 15

what does the E mean when treating sprain

Answer 15

ELEVATION

Question 16

immediately after injury for the next ___ to____ apply ____for every __ to __

Answer 16

24 to 72 hours
ice bag
every 1 to 2 hours

Question 17

the goal of applying ice and wrapping the sprain is

Answer 17

is to protect the ligament until it heal by scarring

Question 18

grade III often requires a

Answer 18

CAST

Question 19

Arnica applied topically is reported to

Answer 19

soothe sore

tired muscle after extended hard work

Question 20

what tea are good muscle relaxant ?

Answer 20

valerian or kava

Question 21

is a pulling or tearing of a muscle, tendon or both

Answer 21

strain

Question 22

the most commonly places where strain occur

Answer 22

hamstring
quadriceps
calf muscle

Question 23

s/s of strain

Answer 23

overexertion or
soft tissue
bleeding (ecchymosis)

Question 24

how do you treat a strain

Answer 24

apply ice immediately and elevated and rest

use ice for 20 mins each hour

apply heat 48 hours after

Question 25

is the stretching and tearing of ligaments around a joint w/ complete displacement of a bone

Answer 25

dislocation

Question 26

is a partial dislocation occurs from trauma where are the most common places

Answer 26

Subluxation ``` shoulder knee hip ankle tempormandibular joints ```

Question 27

an outside force pushing from a certain direction | severe pain aggravated by motion of the joints, muscle spasm or abnormal appearance of a joint

Answer 27

dislocation

Question 28

how would dislocation be determined

Answer 28

by a radiographer will reveal displacement of bone

Question 29

what is the treatment/goal for dislocation

Answer 29

is to stabilize the joint after reduction and then to rehabilitate to minimize muscular atrophy and strengthen the joint

Question 30

what to assess for w/ dislocation

Answer 30

adequate perfusion and movement of the affected part and distal determine whether swelling is present and assess degree of pain use heat/cold

Question 31

result from repetitive activity, such as throwing or making overhead motion w/ the arm which can result in

Answer 31

rotator cuff degenerative tear

Question 32

if the rotation cuff is torn what would you experience

Answer 32

pain | pt cannot perform abduction and external rotation of the injured shoulder

Question 33

what treatment for rotation cuff consist of

Answer 33

``` rest sling and NSAIDs steroid anti-inflammatory ```

Question 34

hyperextension internal rotation extreme of external rotation and decelerations are all involved where can this ligament be torn

Answer 34

Anterior cruciate ligament (ALC) femur or tibia

Question 35

s/s of an ALC injury

Answer 35

swelling in the hours after the injury knee feels unstable full extension of the leg is difficult

Question 36

how are ALC injuries Dx ?

Answer 36

by physical examination radiography or MRI

Question 37

when is Arthroscopy is performed ? and how are ALC injuries repair

Answer 37

at which time repair may done w/ tissue graft

Question 38

what type of exercise are recommend for ALC injuries ?

Answer 38

``` isometric exercise quadriceps setting gluteal exercise bent-knee exercise foot exercise ```