Chapter4 Lesson 1-3 Flashcards

(20 cards)

0
Q

A specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes.

A

Trait

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1
Q

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

A

Heredity

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2
Q

The scientific study of heredity.

A

Genetics

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3
Q

The process in sexual reproduction in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new cell.

A

Fertilization

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4
Q

An offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait

A

Purebred

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5
Q

A sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is passed from parent to offspring.

A

Gene

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6
Q

The different forms of a gene.

A

Alleles

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7
Q

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

A

Dominant allele

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8
Q

An allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

A

Recessive alleles

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9
Q

An offspring of crosses that has two different alleles for a trait

A

Hybrid

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10
Q

A number that describes how likely it is that a particular event will occur.

A

Probability

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11
Q

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.

A

Punnet square

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12
Q

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

A

Phenotype

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13
Q

An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

A

Genotype

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14
Q

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

A

Homozygous

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15
Q

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

16
Q

A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele.

A

Incomplete dominance

17
Q

A situation in which both alleles for a gene are expressed equally.

18
Q

Three or more possible alleles of a gene that determine a trait.

A

Multiple alleles

19
Q

The inheritance of traits that are controlled by two or more genes, such as height in humans.

A

Polygenic inheritance