Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Conservative Republicans
- During the years of reconstruction once slavery had ended, republicans divided into 3 categories
- believed the south must accept abolition
Radical Republicans
- Led by Charles Summer and Thaddeus Stephens
- Believed the south should be punished and taxed because they started the war.
- Confederates shouldn’t be allowed to vote
- Freedmen should be given jobs and government positions
Moderate Republicans
•Did not believe in punishing the South but agreed that Freedmen should be given land
Lincolns 10% Plan
• lincolns blueprint for reconstruction included this plan which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the union once 10% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the union.
Wade - Davis Bill
• in 1864 Senator Wade and Representative Davis required that 50% of a states white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the union. It also required that states give blacks the right to vote
Andrew Johnson
• became president after the assassination of Lincoln.
Black Codes
• these laws were passed by southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom and compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
Joint Committee on Reconstruction
•this congressional committee played a major role in reconstruction in the wake of the civil war
14th Amendment
•passed in 1868 and granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US which included former slaves recently freed.
15th Amendment
• passed on 1870 and it gave the right to citizens that their right to vote shall not be denied because of race, color, or precious condition of servitude
Radical Reconstruction
•the 1866 congressional elections turned on the issue of reconstruction which provided the radical republicans with enough control over congress to override Johnson’s vetoes and commence their own form of reconstruction.
Tenure of Office Act
- became a federal law in 1867 that intended to restrict the power of the President to remove certain office holders without the approval of the senate.
- passed in order to prevent Andrew Johnson from firing certain cabinet members
Command of the Army Act
• this act required Johnson to issue all military orders though the general of the arm instead of directly dealing with military governors in the south
Scalawags
• white southerners who collaborated with northern Republicans during reconstruction for personal profit.
Carpetbaggers
- political candidates who sought election in an areas where they have no local connections.
- traveled to the south after the civil war to profit from the reconstruction
Sharecropping
• form of agriculture in which a landowner allows former slaves to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.
Ulysses S. Grant
- Worked as a bagger in the grocery store but made a name for himself throughout the civil war
- Had zero political experience but won the election of 1868 by a landslide.
- wasn’t a very good president because he surrounded himself with political people rather than who might be better qualified and created lots of scandals.
Panic of 1873
• similar to the house flipping and then market crash of 2007
Social Darwinism
- this was the idea could ed around the time of Carnegie which stated that only the fittest survived on society. Only the fittest can survive the market or you should fall.
- during this time Carnegie and Rockefeller became the greatest rivals.
Compromise of 1877
• during the election of 1877, the Florida and South Carolina votes were so close they could not decide who won. The electoral commission met and decided upon the compromise of 1877 which ultimately decided these two states went to the republicans, therefore Rutherford Hayes won the election.
Atlanta Compromise
- led by Booker T Washington to push for the ride of the middle class. Washington was a former but well educated slave. Stated that freedmen need to learn skills to create their own businesses instead of expecting immediate equality.
- agreement was struck in 1895 to propose that African Americans spend more time participating in the economic development of the New South in order to eventually gain citizenship
Plessy v Ferguson
- this case occurred in New Orleans in 1896 when Plessy intentionally sat in the white section of the train car when he had 1/16 of black on his ethnicity, classifying him as black. He did this in order to get arrested so he could fight segregation.
- stated that if you had to tell someone you were black it was unfair because nobody would have ever known
- created the separate but equal doctrine
Literacy Tests
• African Americans had to prove they passed 5th grade or they were given a literacy test that they had to complete and pass with 100% in 10 minutes or they weren’t allowed to vote.
Coolies
- Chinese indentured servants
* they are not considered slaves but rather are individuals who are working off a debt by contract