Chapters 1-6 12 Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
A health care provider was trained in ______ health care skills, rather than for specific illnesses or conditions
A
general
2
Q
Charlatans use to offer ineffective ______ in exchange for money
A
cures
3
Q
The _____ was the primary site for patient care
A
home
4
Q
Health care professionals have to undergo intensive ____ _____
Large facilities provide _____ patient care
A
educational preparation
on-site
5
Q
The family doctor is now called a ______ _____ and is supported by a team of specialist
A
general practitioner
6
Q
A _____ approach is now used: focuses on the care of the whole person–physically and emotionally
A
holistic
7
Q
All health care organizations have a purpose or _____
A
mission
8
Q
Acute care settings
Probably the best known type of health care organization
People who receive the services there are called ____
A
hospital
patients
9
Q
A patient who has to stay at the hospital for one or more nights receives _____ _____
A
inpatient care
10
Q
A patient who goes home the same day receives _____ _____
A
outpatient care
11
Q
Also called a skilled nursing unit or a skilled nursing facility
Provides care for a patient who has partially recovered but still requires skilled health care
A
sub-acute care units
12
Q
The care provided in a sub-acute unit often focuses on _____
A
rehabilitation
13
Q
For people who are unable to care for themselves at home, yet do not need to be hospitalized
A
long term care facilities
14
Q
Long term care facilities often becomes the person’s ____, either temporarily or permanently
A
home
15
Q
People being cared for in long term care facilities are called _____
A
residents
16
Q
For people needing limited help such as:
medications
transportation
meals
housekeeping
A
assisted living facilities
17
Q
Provide skilled care in a person’s home
People receiving care in this type of setting are called ____
Available for people of all ages with any number of medical needs
A
home health care agencies
clients
18
Q
People can receive services when they know that they have 3 to 6 months to live
Focus: to relieve pain and to provide emotional and spiritual support
Services are provided for both the dying person and the family
A
hospice organizations
19
Q
_____ care can be delivered in the home, a nursing home, hospital or hospice house or center
A
hospice
20
Q
Within each facility, care of patients or residents is provided by a _____ _____ _____, made up of many people with different types of knowledge and skill levels
A
health care team
21
Q
Structure of health care organizations are usually governed by a ____ _____ _____
Has divisions in charge of certain aspects of the organization’s function
An _____ or chief of executive officer (CEO) is the link between the board and the organization
A
board of trustees
administrator
22
Q
Nursing services is headed by a ____ or ____
Care of patients or residents is provided by a ____ ____ _____
A
director of nursing (DON) or chief nursing officer (CNO)
health care team
23
Q
The ____ or ____ is the primary focus of the health care teams efforts
A
patient or resident
24
Q
The primary government agency responsible for protecting this nation’s health
A
United States Department of Health and Human Services
DHHS
25
An in-depth investigation of long term care facilities initiated by the DHHS in response to complaints of neglect and abuse from people who had family members in long term care facilities resulted in a law known as the _____ ____ _____ _____ of 1987
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987
| OBRA
26
Sets national standards for all types of health care organizations and officially recognizes organizations that meet standards
The Joint Commission (JCAHO)
27
An actual inspection and evaluation of a health care organization or facility
survey
28
Statements that identify the standards that were not met, as well as the survey teams findings that indicate how the facility failed to meet the standards
Must be addressed in a formal written statement that outlines how each deficiency will be corrected
deficiency citations
29
A facility that does not regain compliance status may face serious penalties, such as:
loss of accreditation status
substantial fines
an inability to qualify for Medicare or Medicaid payments
an admissions ban
closure
30
Government and private regulations make sure that:
providers of health care are properly ____ and ____
health care facilities meet standards of ____ and ____
all products used in the delivery of health care are safe
quality health care is available to everyone
trained and competent
cleanliness and quality
31
Regulating agencies:
Government: ____
Private: _____
United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
The Joint Commission
32
Government agency that is responsible for protecting the health and safety of American workers by enforcing standards and providing education to improve conditions in the workplace
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
33
Assures the organization is meeting specifically stated standards of care
accreditation
34
Health care facilities that comply with the standards set by The Joint Commission are allowed to display the ____ ____ _____ _____ of _____
Joint Commission's Gold Seal of Approval
35
Comprised of representatives of various accrediting agencies, inspects and evaluates the organization and actual facility
survey team
36
A report containing any identified deficiencies
written summary
37
Insurance purchased at group rates by an employer or corporation
group insurance
38
Health care provider has to prove that a person's medical condition meets certain criteria before starting
treatment
Precertification (preapproval) process
39
Arrange contracts with various health care providers
managed care system
40
Health care providers contract with an insurance company to accept a standard payment
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
41
Contract with health care providers to provide health care services for a prepaid fee
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
42
Federally funded by Social Security, administered by Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMMS)
People who are 65 or older are eligible
medicare
43
A report required for each resident that received Medicare
Asses the degree of assistance that each resident needs and helps to ensure that the resident receives quality care that is directed to his or her specific needs
minimum data set (MDS)
44
Payment is specified according to the diagnosis
diagnosis-related groups (DRG's)
45
Due to the DRG system, patients are discharged ____ and ____
sooner and sicker
46
Designed to help people with low income to pay for health care
Federally funded and state regulated plan
Reimbursements are given only to facilities approved by the state agency
Medicaid
47
British nurse who is credited with making nursing into the profession it is today (1820-1910)
Florence Nightingale
48
____ _____ _____ _____ requirements for certification:
competency evaluation
principle of reciprocity
registry
continuing education
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
49
Nursing assistant training ends with a ____ ____,
| which involves a written test of 75 multiple choice questions and a skills test
competency evaluation
50
The principle of ____ means your certification as a nursing assistant may be valid in states other than where you originally trained
reciprocity
51
OBRA requires every state to maintain a ____, an official database of the people who have successfully completed the nursing assistant training program
registry
52
The ____ contains:
- full name, including maiden name and married name
- last known home address
- date competency evaluation was passed
- reported incidents of resident abuse or neglect, or theft of resident property
registry
53
- assist nurses in giving care to patients and residents
- meet the basic physical needs of patients and residents
- meet the emotional needs of patients and residents
- act as observer and communicator
These are responsibilities of a _____ _____
nursing assistant
54
The nursing team consists of: ____, _____, and _____
licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse (LVN)
registered nurse (RN)
nursing assistant
55
The difference between a LPN and RN is _____
the level of training
56
Licensed nurse who supervises the nursing assistants and may supervise another nurse
charge nurse
57
Sometimes called a nurse manager or head nurse, is usually an RN who is in charge of a particular floor or section, supervises the charge nurse and has 24 hr day responsibility of the floor
unit manager
58
May have same responsibilities as a unit manager, but the duties are limited to that shift
shift supervisor
59
RN who directs all of the nurse care within the facility, responsible for the overall operation of the entire nursing department
Director of Nursing (DON)
60
Person that is responsible for developing and delivering in-service education
Coordinator (of director) of In-Service Education or Staff Development
61
Nurse that is responsible for tracking data that reflect quality of care issues, like incidents or accidents
Quality Assurance (QA) or Quality Improvement (QI)
62
RN responsible for the assessment process that is used to complete the Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Registered Nurse Assessment Coordinator (RNAC)
63
RN who has completed additional training for licensure in advanced practice, are able to do some tasks that doctors do
Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner (CRNP)
64
RN that is assigned several patients or residents and is responsible for planning and carrying out all aspects of care for those people
primary nursing
65
Each member of the nursing team carries out the same task for all patients and residents
functional (modular) nursing
66
A team leader, determines all of the nursing needs for the patients or residents assigned to the team and assigns task according to each team members skills
team nursing
67
Nursing care is designed around the needs of the patient or resident and works to meet the person's needs
patient-centered or patient-focused care
68
- describes the range of task the assistant is legally permitted to do
- restricts task assistant is allowed to do
- defines the responsibilities of a nursing assistant
scope of practice
69
To give another person permission to perform that task on your behalf
delegate
70
The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) has developed guidelines called the ____ ____ _____ _____
- the right task
- the right circumstances
- the right person
- the right direction
- the right supervision
five rights of delegation
71
- administering meds and O2
- receiving verbal orders from doctor
- diagnosing illness and prescribing meds
- supervising other CNA's
- sterile task
- inserting or removing tubes
These are task that a CNA should ____ do
not
72
- person with experience and skill in a specific role
- person engaged in a specific occupation for pay
- person who has credentials, obtained through education and training enabling licensing or certification to practice certain professions
professional
73
- having a professional attitude
- possessing a positive attitude
- committed to doing your best
- sense of pride as result of setting high standards
- obtaining satisfaction from work done
professionalism
74
- your attitude toward your work
- remember that a strong ___ ____ is what separates an average employee from a great employee
- allows growth
work ethics
75
- punctuality
- reliability
- accountability
- conscientiousness
- honesty
- cooperativeness
- empathy
- life-long learner
characteristics of work ethics
76
Side of ourselves that we display to the world, communicating outwardly how we feel about things
attitude
77
____ and _____ go together hand and hand
professionalism and strong work ethics
78
Being able to imagine what it would feel like to be in another persons situation
empathy
79
- prevent emotional burn out
| - keep your emotions in check
emotional health
80
- prevent the spread of infection
| - maintain a professional appearance
personal hygiene
81
A brief document that gives a possible employer general information about you and your education and work experience
resume
82
It is against the law for an employer to ask a candidate questions about race, religion, marital status, ect....
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
83
A list of three or four people who would be willing to talk to a potential employer about your abilities
reference list
84
Person that handles the hiring
human resources department (HR)
85
A chance for a potential employer to meet you personally and learn more about you
interview
86
The practice of designing equipment and work task to conform to the capacity of the worker
ergonomics
87
Manual lifting, turning, and repositioning of patients put health care workers at increased risk for _____
musculoskeletal disorders
88
Musculoskeletal disorders include:
- muscles strains and tears
- ligament sprains
- joint and tension inflammation
- pinched nerve
- herniated discs in the spinal column
89
Performing the same action over and over again places physical stress on the body, actions are:
- lifting
- pushing
- pulling
- stooping
- bending
- moving
90
The basic components of good body mechanics are
| the ABC's:
- alignment
- balance
- coordinated movement
91
Simply good posture, ensures that no excess strain is placed on the joints and muscles
alignment
92
The back is held in a _____ position with the natural curvature of the lower back intact
neutral
93
Stability produced by the even distribution of weight
balance
94
Improve your _____ by:
- increasing your base of support by spreading your feet further apart
- bringing your center of gravity (torso) closer to your base of support (feet) by bending at the knees and hips so that your torso is closer to your feet
balance
95
Involves using the weight of your body to help with movement
coordinated body movement
96
When you have to move a patient from the bed to a chair,
- bend your knees and hold the person close to the center of your body
- use your muscles in your ____ and ____ to lift and move the person
thighs and hips
97
A series of steps followed in a particular order:
| -protects patients, residents, and nursing assistant
procedure
98
Actions followed before performing any procedure
pre-procedure actions
99
The Getting Ready steps:
| -WEAVERS
- wash
- equipment
- announce
- verify
- explain
- respect
- safety
100
Actions that are routinely performed at the end of each procedure
post-procedure actions
101
Finish up steps:
A L S O W D
- alignment
- light
- safety
- open
- wash
- document
102
-Multiple duties
-emergency situations
-unnoticed wet floors
-helping a very weak person
-attempting to prevent a fall
Are factors that increase _____
a risk for falling
103
Form of communicating information about chemicals to employees
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
104
Summarizes the following information:
- what the chemical is made from
- which exposures may be dangerous
- what to do if an exposure occurs
- how to clean up spills
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
105
____ mishaps can occur due to:
- frayed wires
- loose plugs
- unsafe electrical appliances
electrical
106
A way of returning stray electrical current to the outlet so that the risk of electrical shock is reduced
grounded
107
For a fire to occur 3 elements must be present:
- fuel
- heat
- O2
108
Common sources of ____ include:
- cloth
- cooking oil, gasoline
- the building itself
fuel
109
Common sources of ____ include:
- electrical spark
- lighted smoking material
- candles
- heated elements
- stove
heat
110
Common sources of ____ include:
- present air
- O2
oxygen
111
The general actions that are taken in the event of a fire emergency are known as the ____ fire response plan
RACE
R- remove
A- activate
C- contain
E- extinguish or evacuate
112
Type of fire fueled by wood, paper, cloth, dried leaves and grass
Extinguished by water and removing heat
Type A
113
Type of fire fueled by petroleum, cooking, grease
| Extinguished by sprinkling baking powder, put a lid on pan and remove from heat
Type B
114
Type of fire fueled by electric short circuit, electric sparks
Extinguished by using a fire extinguisher
Type C
115
When using a fire extinguisher remember the word PASS:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Spray
116
A sudden, unexpected event that causes injury to many people, major damage to property, or both
disaster
117
```
Violet acts (including physical assaults and threats of assaults) directed toward persons at work or on duty
Includes acts of terrorism
```
workplace violence
118
-society's laws
-governing authority
-personal ethical code
-moral sense
-values installed by family
-spiritual beliefs
Are factors that influence ____
behavior
119
Revision of Patients' Bill of Rights by American Hospital Association
12 points in the Patient Care Partnership
Patients' rights and responsibilities in the bill
Patients' Rights
120
Guidelines as part of the Omnibus Budget (OBRA)
16 points in the residents rights
-set legal and ethical standards
-creates atmosphere of open communication
-protects residents
Residents' Rights
121
Advocacy
Ombudsman
OBRA requirements
Are concerns for ____
long-term care
122
Process of making a plea or providing support on another's behalf
advocacy
123
A person from the state or local Office on Aging who regularly visits residents in long term care facilities to check on their welfare
ombudsman
124
____ requires nursing homes to post information notifying residents of their right to file an complaint
OBRA
125
The ability to make thoughtful decisions based on an understanding of the risks and benefits related to a decision
decision making capacity
126
Documents that allow a person to make his or her wishes concerning health care known to family, friends, and health care providers
-preserve the patient's right to make informed health care related decisions
advanced directives
127
The authority to make health care decisions is transferred to a health care agent in times when the patients decision making abilities are impaired
durable power of attorney for health care
128
Allows the patient to make known their wishes concerning end of life medical treatment
living will
129
Rules are made by a controlling authority such as the state or federal government
laws
130
Concerned with the relationship between individuals
civil law
131
Concerned with the relationship between an individual and society
criminal law
132
Legal action taken against a person for breaking the law
litigation
133
Responsibility of an individual to act within the confines of the law
liability
134
When a civil law is violated a ____ or wrong is committed
tort
135
Without intent to cause harm
unintentional tort
136
A person who commits unintentional tort is considered ____
negligent
137
Negligence committed by people licensed to practice their profession is called _____
malpractice
138
with intent to cause harm, includes:
- defamation
- assault
- battery
- fraud
- false imprisonment
- invasion of privacy
- larceny
intentional tort
139
Making untrue statements, slander or libel
defamation
140
stealing
larceny
141
Threatening or attempting to touch a person without consent
| Can be based on angry statement or gesture
assault
142
Touching a person without consent
battery
143
Deception that could cause harm
| Misrepresents professional qualities
fraud
144
Confining another person against their will
| Improper use of restraints
false imprisonment
145
Violating another persons right to keep certain information and aspects of self away from others
invasion of privacy
146
Keeping information to self
confidentiality
147
Federal privacy regulations
| Involves both at work and away from work
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
| HIPAA 1996
148
Repetitive and deliberate infliction of injury on another person
Actively doing something failing to do something
abuse
149
Moral principles or standards that govern conduct
ethics
150
Code stated by the American Nurses Association
professional ethics
151
Type of ethics that are derived from values
personal
152
A cherished belief or principle
value
153
Do good for those in your care
beneficence
154
Avoid harming those in your care, use kindness and gentleness
nonmaleficence
155
Treat people fairly and equally
justice
156
Act with integrity to earn others trust
fidelity
157
Respect a person rights and personal preference
autonomy
158
- treat patients and residents with respect for their individual needs and values
- respect the patients right to choice in regards to their care
- hold confidential all information about a patient
- be guided by consideration for dignity of patients
- fulfill the obligation to provide competent care
code of ethics
159
Process of exchanging information that involves at least two people
communication
160
Tends to be deliberate, used to express a thought, with the intent of giving specific information to another person
verbal communication
161
More subtle, involves giving information through the use of facial expressions, gestures, and body language
-tone of voice can be considered a form
nonverbal communication
162
Is an indication that the message sent by the sender was received and understood by the receiver
feedback
163
_____ questions invite the person to say more
open ended
164
____ is perhaps the most universal of all languages
touch
165
Results from differences between people
conflict
166
Today the _____ remains a primary tool of communication
- use etiquette
- respect patient confidentiality
- know your facilities policy
telephone
167
Something that you noticed about a patient typically related to a change in physical and mental condition
observation
168
Information that cannot be objectively measured or assessed
subjective data (symptom)
169
Information that you obtain directly though measurements or by using one of your five senses
objective data (sign)
170
Spoken exchange of information between health care team workers
reporting
171
Communicating information about a patient to other health care team members in written form
- medical record
- kardex
recording (charting)
172
Legal document that contains:
- persons current condition
- measures taken for diagnosis and treatment
- persons response to treatment
medical record
173
_____ records contain:
- admission sheet
- med history
- nursing history
- physicians order sheet
- medication administration record
- physicians progress notes
- narrative nurses notes
- graphic sheet
- miscellaneous documents
medical
174
A persons medical record can be maintained by:
| entering data into a _____ in response to prompts
computer
175
```
Computer information system
Advantages:
-record easily and quickly
-information can be uploaded quickly
-information can be recorded at bed side
-doctor orders immediately sent to appropriate departments
```
electronic health record (EHR)
176
A card file containing condensed versions of each patients medical record
- summary of pts current diagnosis
- diagnostic tests and treatments ordered by the doctor
- information about routine care measures
kardex
177
Plan that directs the efforts of the health care team members who are responsible for carrying out the doctors orders
interdisciplinary care plan
178
Nursing team develops a care plan for each pt
nursing care plan
179
The communication method that is used to develop the nursing care plan
nursing process
180
Nursing assistants play a key role in ____ and ____ the nursing care plan
implementing and evaluating
181
Steps in the ____:
- assessment
- diagnosis
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation
nursing process
182
A condition characterized by a rapid onset and a relatively short recovery time, unexpected
acute illness
183
A condition that is ongoing
chronic illness
184
Illness or condition from which recovery is not expected
terminal illness
185
- grouped according to age
- grouped according to illness or condition
- grouped according to special needs
grouping
186
Changes that occur physically are known as ____
growth
187
Changes that occur psychologically or socially are known as ____
development
188
- 20 to 40 years
| - typically enjoy stable, supporting friendships and good health
young adult
189
- 40 to 65 years
- at the height of career
- become caretakers
- start to show signs of aging
- chronic illness may occur
middle adulthood
190
- 65 to 75 years
- physical signs of aging and the development of chronic illnesses become more prevalent
- strength diminishes
later adulthood
191
- 75 years and beyond
- primary task is preparing for ones own death
- must adjust to failing health
- enjoy sharing wisdom to the young
older adulthood
192
Defined as something that is essential for a persons physical and mental health
need
193
Famous American psychologist defined what he thought to be the basic human needs
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
194
Maslow's pyramid, called ____ reflects Maslow's belief that the more basic, lower level needs must be met, at least to some degree, before the higher level needs can be met
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
195
- physiologic needs
- safety and security
- love and belonging needs
- self-esteem needs
- self-actualization needs (highest level)
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
196
Made up of the beliefs (including religious or spiritual beliefs) values and traditions that are customary to a group of people
culture
197
A persons spiritual beliefs
religion
198
-getting satisfaction and comfort from the way we live
-everyone has different idea
-everyone will decide what they do and do not want
-holistic approach
-must respect his or her wishes
-provide information to help client or resident to make
decision
quality of life
