Chapters 10 & 11

Question 1

What are the majority of falls in neurological pathologies associate with?

Answer 1

MOBILITY (during the walking), TRANSFERS, and STAIR CLIMBING

Question 2

Example of abnormal alignment in PD?

Answer 2

stooped (flexed posture)
rigidity
decreased spinal flexibility

Question 3

Abnormal postural sway in PD displays:

Answer 3

increase sway area

increased velocity

Question 4

Adults with DS have:

Answer 4

higher sway velocity

Question 5

What can increased stiffness be?

Answer 5

compensatory strategy to improve stability

Question 6

What does a pathology in the cerebellum do?

Answer 6

increase postural sway

Question 7

Lesion in spinocerebellar (upper vermis and intermediate) part of anterior lobe:

Answer 7

AP sway

Question 8

Lesion in lower vestibulocerebellar vermis:

Answer 8

increased omnidirectional sway

Question 9

Lesion in spinocerebellar afferents:

Answer 9

low frequency and large amplitude lateral sway

Question 10

Coactivation:

Answer 10

characterized by simultaneous contraction of muscles on both anterior and posterior aspects of the body

Question 11

Coactivation in PD:

Answer 11

activates muscles on both aspects of the body= increasing stiffness of body= ineffective strategy for balance recovery

Question 12

What are onset latencies in paretic muscles versus nonparetic side?

Answer 12

longer and smaller

Question 13

Postural adaptation:

Answer 13

ability to modify postural activity with practice

Question 14

Shifting central set:

Answer 14

ability to change pattern of postural muscle activity quickly in response to changing task conditions

Question 15

Hypermetric postural responses are associated with which of the following pathologic disorders?

Answer 15

cerebellar conditions

unilateral cerebellar pathology affecting anterior lobe

Question 16

What does normal postural control require?

Answer 16

organization of sensory information from visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems
sensorimotor integration

Question 17

CTSIB condition 1

Answer 17

normal
flat floor
eyes open

Question 18

CTSIB condition 2

Answer 18

flat floor

blindfolf

Question 19

CTSIB condition 3

Answer 19

flat floor

dome

Question 20

CTSIB condition 4

Answer 20

foam

eyes open

Question 21

CTSIB condition 5

Answer 21

foam

blindfolded

Question 22

CTSIB condition 6

Answer 22

foam

dome

Question 23

Visually dependent

Answer 23

abnormal in conditions 2,3,5, and 6

Question 24

Surface-dependent

Answer 24

abnormal in 4,5, and 6

Question 25

Vestibular loss

Answer 25

abnormal in conditions 5 and 6

Question 26

Sensory selection problems

Answer 26

abnormal in conditions 3-6

Question 27

Sensory selection problem

Answer 27

Refers to inability to appropriately select a sense for postural control in environments in which one or more ORIENTATION cues inaccurately report body’s position in space (there is incongruence among senses).

Question 28

Anticipatory Postural Control

Answer 28

Highly dependent on PRIOR experience and learning

Question 29

Timed Up & Go (TUG)

Answer 29

Sensitive and specific indicator of fall status in community dwelling older adults (>15 s)

Question 30

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 10 s

Answer 30

freely independent

Question 31

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 20 s

Answer 31

independent in basic transfers

Question 32

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 20-29 s

Answer 32

gray zone

Question 33

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 30 s

Answer 33

usually need help with chair or toilet transfers, help in and out of tub, assistance with stairs, unable to go out alone

Question 34

Functional Reach Test (FRT)

Answer 34

a single-item test developed as a quick screen for balance problems and risk for falls in older adults.

Question 35

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

Answer 35

Frail elderly balance: 16 points (9 items) gait: 12 points (7 items)

Question 36

Maximum score Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment :

Answer 36

28 points

Question 37

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment less than 19

Answer 37

at high risk for falls

Question 38

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment 19-24

Answer 38

at moderate risk for falls

Question 39

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment 24-28

Answer 39

at low risk for falls

Question 40

Berg Balance Scale

Answer 40

Community dwelling older adults Stability (steady state) Anticipatory No reactive postural control

Question 41

Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

Answer 41

Used to measure lower extremity performance such as strength, balance and mobility in older adults.

Question 42

Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest)

Answer 42

used to examine multiple aspects of postural control

Question 43

Six systems of BESTest

Answer 43

``` biomechanical constraints stability limits anticipatory transitions postural responses sensory organization dynamic gait ```

Question 44

BBS stability state:

Answer 44

Standing unsupported | Sitting unsupported

Question 45

Proactive Postural Responses

Answer 45

Responses occur before prime mover and in preparation for the perturbation

Question 46

Adaptive Control

Answer 46

changing task demands resulting from changes in the BOS

Question 47

IMPAIRMENT level

Answer 47

to optimize the components of postural control (e.g., exercise to improve ROM, strength)

Question 48

STRATEGY level

Answer 48

to develop or refine task specific sensory, motor, and cognitive strategies used for postural control

Question 49

FUNCTIONAL level

Answer 49

to learn to preserve postural control during changing tasks and environmental conditions