Chapters 11&12: Atomic Theory and The Periodic Table

Question 0

Electrons

Answer 0

the negatively charged particles in an atom

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

the smallest particle in which an element can be divided and still be the same substance

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

the positively charged particles in the nucleus

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

the particles of the nucleus that have no charge

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

the center of the atom that is a tiny, extremely dense, positively charged part of the nucleus

Question 5

Electron cloud

Answer 5

region in the atom where electrons are likely to be found

Question 6

Atomic mass unit (amu)

Answer 6

the SI unit used to express the masses of particles in atoms

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

the number of protons (or electrons) in an atom
determines the identity of an element
every element has a unique atomic number

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

atoms that have the same number of protons but have different number of neutrons

Question 9

Mass number

Answer 9

the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

the weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes

Question 11

Periodic

Answer 11

happening at regular intervals

Question 12

Periodic Law

Answer 12

the chemical and physical properties of the elements repeat periodically when the elements are lined up by their atomic numbers

Question 13

Metals

Answer 13

shiny
ductile- drawn into thin wires
good conductors of electric current
malleable- can be flattened with a hammer
good conductors of thermal energy

Question 14

Metals (Periodic Table)

Answer 14

left of the zigzag line

Question 15

Nonmetals

Answer 15

not malleable or ductile
not shiny 
poor conductors of thermal energy and electric current
(opposite of metal)
brittle

Question 16

Nonmetals (Periodic Table)

Answer 16

right of the zigzag line

Question 17

Metalloids (semiconductors)

Answer 17

shiny
brittle- easily smashed
hard but brittle
good conductor of electric current

Question 18

Metalloids (Periodic Table)

Answer 18

border the zigzag line

Question 19

Period/Series

Answer 19

horizontal row of elements on the periodic table

same number if principle energy levels

Question 20

Group/Family

Answer 20

vertical column of elements on the periodic table

Question 21

Energy levels

Answer 21

a layer of electrons

Question 22

Farther from nucleus= ______
nearest= ___ energy level; ___ energy
farther out= ____ energy level; _____ energy

Answer 22

more energy
1st; most energy
2nd; less energy

Question 23

Valence electron

Answer 23

electron on the outermost or highest energy level

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

an atom or group of atoms with a net(sum) positive or negative charge, depends on gaining or losing electrons

Question 25

Cation

Answer 25

positive ion, more protons than electrons so had to lose some electrons

Question 26

Anion

Answer 26

negative ion, more electrons than protons so had to gain electrons

Question 27

Octet rule

Answer 27

atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire the electron structure of the nearest noble gas (18th column)

Question 28

Alkali

Answer 28

``` the first group in the periodic table lose 1 electron ion: 1+ has 1 electron in its outermost energy level most reactive metals ```

Question 29

Alkaline earth

Answer 29

the second group in the periodic table lose 2 electrons ion: 2+

Question 30

Transition elements

Answer 30

groups 3-12 in the periodic table

Question 31

Halogens

Answer 31

the seventeenth group in the periodic table gain 1 electron ion: 1-

Question 32

Noble gases (periodic table)

Answer 32

the eighteenth group in the periodic table doesn't gain, share, or lose electrons (octet present) full set of electrons in its outermost energy level unreactive elements

Question 33

Inner transition elements

Answer 33

Both rows on the bottom of the periodic table

Question 34

Rare earth elements

Answer 34

1st row of the blocks on the bottom of the periodic table

Question 35

Solid

Answer 35

the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

Question 36

Liquid

Answer 36

the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

Question 37

Gas

Answer 37

the state of matter does not have a definite volume or shape

Question 38

Luster

Answer 38

when a substance is shiny

Question 39

Conductor

Answer 39

when a substance conducts heat or electricity well

Question 40

Insulator

Answer 40

when a substance does not conduct heat or electricity well

Question 41

Ductile

Answer 41

when a substance can be drawn or extruded into a wire

Question 42

Malleable

Answer 42

when a substance can be rolled or pounded into thin sheets

Question 43

Brittle

Answer 43

when a substance breaks, it crumbles

Question 44

Noble gases

Answer 44

colorless odorless gases

Question 45

Group 13

Answer 45

lose 3 electrons | 3+

Question 46

Group 14

Answer 46

share electrons only

Question 47

Group 15

Answer 47

gain 3 electrons or share | 3-

Question 48

Group 16

Answer 48

gain 2 electrons or share | 2-

Question 49

Group 17

Answer 49

gain 1 electron or share | 1-

Question 50

Monotomic ions

Answer 50

ions made from one atom

Question 51

Nonmetals (list elements)

Answer 51

``` nitrogen (N) sulfur (S) oxygen (O) selenium (Se) fluorine (Fl) bromine (Br) phosphorus (P) iodine (I) chloride (Cl) ```

Question 52

Metalloids (list elements)

Answer 52

boron (B) arsenic (As) aluminum (Al) antimony (Sb) silicon (Si) tellurium (Te) germanium (Ge) polonium (Po)

Question 53

Cation (rule for naming)

Answer 53

(metals) take the name of the parent atom (same name) ex. aluminum

Question 54

Anions (rule for naming)

Answer 54

(nonmetals) change the name of the parent atom to "ide" ex. nitride

Question 55

Anion names

Answer 55

``` nitride sulfide oxide selenide fluoride bromide phosphide iodide chloride ```

Question 56

Atomic mass equation

Answer 56

( # of element x % of element) = ( # of element x % of element) =______add together __ amu

Question 57

Mendeleev's periodic table

Answer 57

allowed for the prediction of the properties of the missing elements