Chapters 4 & Chapter 15, Sections 2&3: Classify Matter Flashcards
filtration
process that separates a mixture based on size of the particles
distillation
process that separates a mixture based on boiling points of the components
magnet
can be used to separate a mixture of the elements iron and aluminum
iron, cobalt, and nickel are attracted to magnet
centrifuge
separates mixtures by the densities of the components
heterogeneous mixture
not uniformly mixed
you can see different parts
2 kinds: suspension and colloid
when broken breaks into pieces
homogeneous mixture
uniformly mixed
same as solution
solution
homogeneous mixture smaller part: solute largest part: solvent can't be filtered or settled out on standing can't scatter light
alloy
solid dissolved in a metallic solid
ex. brass(zinc in copper)
colloid
heterogeneous mixture can't be separated by filtration can't settle out on standing can scatter light ex. jello, fog, whipped cream
suspension
can be separated by filtration
settles out on standing
can’t scatter light
ex. chocolate, orange juice w/ pulp, snow globe
particle size
smallest to largest
smallest- solution(solute) smaller than light waves
medium- colloid bigger than light waves but too small to see
largest- suspension(big enough to see)
mixture
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
keep their physical characteristics
can be separated by physical means(changes)
2 types: heterogeneous and homogeneous
substance
matter that cannot be separated by physical changes
compound
a pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
can be broken down by chemical means(reactions)
has a definite ratio of components
ex. CO2, H20
element
a pure substance that cannot be broken by physical or chemical means(reactions)
ex. Na, Au, Ge
Tyndall effect
scattering of light by a colloid
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
molecule
the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all the physical and chemical properties of that substance
held together by covalent bonds
acid
any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H3O+), when dissolved in water (hydronium is greater than hydroxide)
sour taste
not slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
pH < 7
corrosive
base
any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-), when dissolved in water (hydroxide is greater than hydronium)
bitter taste
has slippery solutions; solutions conduct electricity
doesn’t react with metals
pH > 7
corrosive
neutralization
the reactions between an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt
neutral
pH=7
electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to produce ions
salt
the cation of a base plus the anion of an acid
