Chapters 12 & 13: The Phenomenological Approach

Question 1

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 1

the approach to personality that emphasizes aspects of psychology that are distinctly human

closely related to the phenomenological approach and existentialism

Question 2

Phenomenology

Answer 2

the study of conscious experience

often, conscious experience itself is referred to as an individual’s phenomenology

Question 3

Introspection

Answer 3

the task of observing one’s own mental processes

Question 4

Existentialism

Answer 4

the approach of philosophy that focuses on conscious experience (phenomenology), free will, the meaning of life, and other basic questions of existence

Question 5

Umwelt

Answer 5

in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, biological experience such as the sensations a person feels of being a live animal

Question 6

Mitwelt

Answer 6

in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, social experience such as feelings and thoughts about others and oneself in relation to them

Question 7

Eigenwelt

Answer 7

in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, the experience itself

the result of introspection

Question 8

Thrown-ness

Answer 8

in Heidegger’s existential analysis, the era, the location, and situation into which a person happens to be born

Question 9

Angst

Answer 9

in existential philosophy, the anxiety that stems from doubts about the meaning and purpose of life

also called existential anxiety

Question 10

Anatta

Answer 10

in Zen Buddhism, the fundamental idea of “nonself” - that the single, isolated self is an illusion

Question 11

Anicca

Answer 11

in Zen Buddhism, the recognition that all things are temporary and, therefore, it is best to avoid attachments to them

Question 12

Nirvana

Answer 12

in Zen Buddhism, the serene state of selfless being that is the result of having achieved enlightenment

Question 13

Sociality Corollary

Answer 13

in Kelly’s personal conduct theory, the principle that understanding another person requires understanding that person’s unique view of reality

Question 14

Mindful(ness)

Answer 14

in positive psychology, the idea that one should be consciously aware of an in control of every moment of your subjective experience

Question 15

Flow

Answer 15

the totally absorbing experience of engaging in an activity that is valuable for its own sake

in flow, mood is slightly elevated and time seems to pass quickly

Question 16

Hedonia

Answer 16

seeking happiness through the pursuit of pleasure and comfort

Question 17

Eudaimonia

Answer 17

seeking happiness through developing one’s full potential, helping others, and building community

Question 18

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Answer 18

psychological research and theorizing that attempts to account for the psychological differences between and within different cultural groups

Question 19

Enculturation

Answer 19

the process of socialization through which an individual acquires his or her native culture, mainly early in life

Question 20

Acculturation

Answer 20

the process of social influence by which a person partially or fully acquires a new cultural outlook, either by having contact with or living in a culture different from his or her culture of origin

Question 21

Etics

Answer 21

the universal components of an idea

in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common

Question 22

Emics

Answer 22

the locally relevant components of an idea

in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture

Question 23

Decontructionism

Answer 23

a philosophy that argues reality does not exist apart from human perceptions, or constructions, of it

Question 24

Outgroup Homogeneity Bias

Answer 24

the sociopsychological phenomenon by which members of a group to which one does not belong seem more alike than do members of a group to which one does belong

Question 25

What is humanistic psychology?

Answer 25

the psychological study of awareness, free will, happiness, and the many related aspects of the mind that are uniquely human and give life meaning

Question 26

What does humanistic psychology focus on?

Answer 26

phenomenology: your conscious, unique experience

self-awareness

construal: a person’s particular experience of the world

Question 27

What is terror management theory?

Answer 27

culture gives human beings a sense of significance in a reality that is meaningful

self-esteem is conferred when we meet (or exceed) the culture’s standards

other culture’s values and standards undermine our own culture’s values and standards; makes usus susceptible to feel anxiety associated with our own death

Question 28

According to terror management theory, how can one deal with things that violate their worldview?

Answer 28

discredit it

assimilate them

accommodation (reconcile different beliefs)

kill them (get rid of them)

Question 29

What does the term anatta mean?

Answer 29

nonself; the independent, singular self is an illusion

we are all connected, and all achieve immortality

Question 30

What does the term anicca mean?

Answer 30

all things must pass

enlightenment: caring for others the same as for yourself

Question 31

What is the fully functioning person?

Answer 31

be clearly aware of reality and yourself

face the world without fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses

importance of unconditional positive regard

conditions of worth

Question 32

What is positive psychology?

Answer 32

health means more than just the absence of disease

traditional psychology overemphasizes psychopathology and malfunction

Question 33

What does positive psychology focus on?

Answer 33

focuses on positive phenomenon

flow: tasks that you are intrinsically attached to

core virtues: courage, justice, humanity (compassion), temperance, wisdom, transcendence

happiness

Question 34

How does culture intersect with personality psychology?

Answer 34

individuals may differ from each other to some extent because they belong to different cultures

members of groups may differ from each other in distinctive ways

differences that are important may vary across cultures

Question 35

What are some differences between collectivism and individualism?

Answer 35

importance of needs and rights of the group versus the individual

relations of the self and others

attribution for behavior, and holistic thinking

personality/behavioral consistency

need for self-regard