Chapters 13-16

Question 1

Select the factor most unlikely to contribute to endometrial cancer

Answer 1

Thin habitus

Question 2

Tamoxifen therapy is known to increase the risk of all except:

Answer 2

myomas

Question 3

endometrial cancer typically presents as:

Answer 3

uterine bleeding

Question 4

select the least helpful imaging method for providing accurate diagnostic tumor angiogenesis information.

Answer 4

TA

Question 5

which condition will not cause the endometrium to appear thickened?

Answer 5

menstrual phase

Question 6

leiomyosarcomas

Answer 6

are heterogeneous

Question 7

fallopian tube carcinoma is an aggressive tumor that demonstrates all except a;

Answer 7

thickened endometrium

Question 8

a frequent suspicious characteristic of fallopian tube carcinoma is:

Answer 8

pelvic ascites

Question 9

fallopian tube carcinoma may cause suspicious of all except

Answer 9

a trilaminar homogeneous endometrium

Question 10

infection by HPV is the largest cause of:

Answer 10

cervical carcinoma

Question 11

exposure to DES (diethystilbestrol) in utero causes an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the :

Answer 11

cervix and vagina

Question 12

cervical stenosis caused by cervical cancer may cause:

Answer 12

hematometra

Question 13

select the imaging modality that is least helpful. with diagnosing fallopian tube neoplasia.

Answer 13

CT

Question 14

choose the imaging modality that has excellent soft-tissue contrast resolution and is therefore significantly valuable in the assessment of the size of the tumor, the depth of the cervical cancer invasion

Answer 14

MRI

Question 15

select the phrase used to describe a group of uterine neoplasms that occur as a complication of pregnancy

Answer 15

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

Question 16

gestation trophoblastic neoplasia

Answer 16

can occur as a complication of all pregnancies

Question 17

invasive mole is a form of hydatidiform mole that invades the:

Answer 17

myometrium

Question 18

although clinical signs for endometrial cancer and leiomyosarcomas are nonspecific, most present with:

Answer 18

uterine bleeding and pain

Question 19

fertilization by more than one sperm creates:

Answer 19

diploid karyotype

Question 20

a drug prescribed for treatment of severe psoriasis, an inhibitor of cellular reproduction, and a variety of malignant neoplastic diseases is:

Answer 20

methotrexate

Question 21

select the false statement:

Answer 21

studies show that women who used oral contraceptives are at the greater risk for developing epithelial ovarian cancer.

Question 22

which technique is not directed at improving the detection and outcome of ovarian cancer?

Answer 22

pineal studies

Question 23

choose the most unlikely risk factor for developing ovarian cancer:

Answer 23

living in a developing country

Question 24

extended ovulatory activity, over 40 years, places women in what risk category for developing ovarian cancer?

Answer 24

high risk

Question 25

the gene that is related to errors int he replication process resulting in overexpression:

Answer 25

HER2/neu

Question 26

a characteristic of most epithelial cancer is the tendency to:

Answer 26

form cystic masses with multiple septa

Question 27

the major pattern of metastatic spread of ovarian malignancy is direct extension involving the neighboring organs in the pelvis, peritoneal seeding, and ____ spread

Answer 27

lymphatic

Question 28

frequently, the only symptom of ovarian cancer is:

Answer 28

abdominal bloating and pain

Question 29

to increase specificity in diagnosing ovarian malignancy, lab values such as ___ are tested

Answer 29

CA 125, AFP, hCG, CEA

Question 30

what imaging method provides diagnostic value by presenting calcifications, sometimes in a curvilinear fashion, soft tissue masses, and patterns suggesting abdominal distention?

Answer 30

plain film radiography

Question 31

the imaging modality providing the most accurate tissue characterizing regarding adnexal masses is :

Answer 31

MRI

Question 32

menopausal females utilizing HRT will demonstrate:

Answer 32

normal-sized ovaries

Question 33

ovarian malignancy screening utilizing ultrasound should consider all except:

Answer 33

ovarian position

Question 34

metastasis to the ovary

Answer 34

is common

Question 35

compressibility of a mass while scanning can assist in differentiating bowel from malignancy and is performed by

Answer 35

"hands on" maneuver

Question 36

nonneoplastic cystic foci of the ovary are commonly seen in ___ females and are difficult to differentiate from malignant lesions, so should be considered when determining the diagnosis

Answer 36

menstruating

Question 37

epithelial ovarian cancers typically for cystic masses and

Answer 37

solid papillary growths

Question 38

pseudomyxoma peritonei is defined as

Answer 38

the accumulation of gelatinous material in the peritoneal cavity

Question 39

ovarian malignancy is often associated with ascites that first accumulates in the

Answer 39

dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity

Question 40

color doppler of malignant lesions frequently demonstrates

Answer 40

prominent flow in septations

Question 41

pelvic inflammatory disease is

Answer 41

infection of the female genital tract causing diffuse inflammation

Question 42

one incident of PID can increase the risk of tubal factor and ectopic pregnancy

Answer 42

6 times

Question 43

bacterial vaginosis is the most common infection of the ___ in reproductive-age women

Answer 43

lower genital tract

Question 44

early. sonographic findings of pelvic inflammatory diseases are:

Answer 44

often nonspecifi

Question 45

a normal fallopian tube

Answer 45

is not visualized with ultrasound

Question 46

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is caused by peritonitis and includes what organ

Answer 46

Liver

Question 47

acute PID sonographic findings are all except

Answer 47

sharp uterine borders

Question 48

when seen in cross-section, a hydrosalpinx may exhibit as

Answer 48

the "beads on a string" sign

Question 49

define tubo-ovarian complex:

Answer 49

tubo-ovarian complex refers to the affected ovary and tube that are adherent to one another but their individual architecture is still identifiable on ultrasound

Question 50

chronic progression of endometriosis can lead to all but the following:

Answer 50

simple cysts

Question 51

endometriosis is known to affect

Answer 51

reproductive-age females

Question 52

endometriosis ___ transforms into mallignancy

Answer 52

rarely

Question 53

introduction of an IUD may elevate the risk for PID following insertion for

Answer 53

up to 3 days

Question 54

endometriomas appear sonographically thick-walled, spherical masses, and frequently (95% of the time) displaying:

Answer 54

low-level internal echoes ('ground glass" appearance)

Question 55

hydrosalpinx develops when

Answer 55

fluid accumulates within a scarred, obstructed fallopian tube

Question 56

sonographic findings for adenomyosis are all except

Answer 56

peripheral uterine calcific deposits

Question 57

endometriomas image as

Answer 57

smooth-walled structures with low-level internal echoes

Question 58

choose the correct statement regarding pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 58

early stages demonstrate a variable appearance and an enlarged uterus with indistinct margins

Question 59

the most effective treatment for patients suffering from severe endometriosis who do not respond to conservative surgical management and medical therapies is

Answer 59

oophorectomy and hormonal necrosis

Question 60

endometriosis can implant in all areas except the

Answer 60

groin

Question 61

select the IUCD that has never been marketed in the United States

Answer 61

Chinese ring

Question 62

choose the false statement

Answer 62

IUCD arms measure between 20 and 30 mm

Question 63

a mispositioned or expelled IUCD can be owing to

Answer 63

congenital malformation

Question 64

expulsion risk of an IUCD is greatest in the

Answer 64

first year of use

Question 65

displacement of the IUCD occurs when an IUCD

Answer 65

is rotated from the normal transverse position

Question 66

IUCD position is best documented by

Answer 66

3D and 4D sonography

Question 67

the optimal position of the copper or hormone-releasing IUCD

Answer 67

in the fundal portion of the endometrial cavity with the wings extending to the uterine cornua

Question 68

if the IUCD is visible or can be felt that the external cervical os, it is labeled as

Answer 68

partially expulsed

Question 69

IUCD perforation occurs more frequently in

Answer 69

lactating patients or those who have given birth within the past 6 months

Question 70

select the incorrect statement

Answer 70

the copper IUCD releases levonorgestrel ions

Question 71

silicone impregnated matrix devices used for permanent birth control appear on sonography as

Answer 71

echogenic foci located on the lateral borders of the uterine cornua

Question 72

uterine perforation by an IUCD may cause all except

Answer 72

tubal occlusion

Question 73

Essure is a permanent birth control that is no longer used in the United States. When used, where was it inserted?

Answer 73

fallopian tube

Question 74

the risk of a pregnancy in a female with an IUCD is

Answer 74

ectopic pregnancy