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GYN > Chapters 8, 9 > Flashcards

Chapters 8, 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Which is not a uterine layer?

A

Serometrium

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2
Q

Changes in the endometrium, which constitutes the menstrual cycle, are preparation for:

A

Fertilized ovum arrival

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3
Q

Female reproductive cycle is defined as:

A

The ovarian and uterine cycles, the hormonal changes that regulate them, and related cyclical changes in the breast and cervix

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4
Q

Endometrial sloughing is caused by:

A

decreasing levels of progesterone

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5
Q

Which statement correctly describes fallopian tube anatomy?

A

The dinfuidibulum is the distal funnel shaped portion of the fallopian tube

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6
Q

Normal ovaries are oval shaped and measure approximately:

A

5 x 3 x 1.5 cm

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7
Q

The lowest portion of the uterus is the:

A

Cervix

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8
Q

Endocrine hormones secreted by the hypothalamus control reproductive events. Choose which is not related to the female cycle:

A

CCK

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9
Q

Designate the cranial structure that is essential for survival and reproduction:

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

Secondary amenorrhea is described as:

A

women who have started menstruation then had an absence of their menses for three cycles or six months

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11
Q

Select the correct statement

A

PCOS is related to an ovulation

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12
Q

Amenorrhea is:

A

absences of menstruation

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13
Q

Hormone replacement therapy may cause

A

Maintenance of ovarian volume

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14
Q

The luteal phase:

A

Begins after ovulation

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15
Q

Choose the function that FSH is not involved with.

A

Progression of the menstrual cycle

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16
Q

Choose the female chemical responsible for thickening the endometrium.

A

Estrogen

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17
Q

A sharp rise in LH, known as “LH surge,” is responsible for:

A

Ripening of the graafin follicle

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18
Q

Theca cells begin secreting estrogen:

A

At puberty

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19
Q

The number of oocytes in each ovary at puberty is approximately:

A

300,000

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20
Q

Polymenorrheic is:

A

A menstrual cycle length that is less than 21 days

21
Q

Changes in endometrial thickness are not associated with:

A

Homogeneous echo texture

22
Q

Ovarian measurements are determined:

A

On views orthogonal planes in 3 dimensions; length, width and depth

23
Q

What phase of the menstrual cycle do follicles become dominant?

A

Mid to late proliferative

24
Q

During the late proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens to approximately:

A

5 to 11 mm

25
Q

The triple line (three line sign) indicates the ______________ stage.

A

Late proliferative

26
Q

Amenorrhea is:

A

menstrual cessation

27
Q

Ultrasound is ordered in the postmenopausal patient most often for:

A

Vaginal bleeding

28
Q

A thin layer separates the basal layer and the inner functional layer. The thin layer is:

A

Echogenic

29
Q

A 9- to 14-mm endometrium in the secretory phase appears:

A

Echogenic with posterior enhancement

30
Q

Choose the sonographic method that uses higher frequency transducers and markedly increases resolution of most pelvic structures?

A

EVS

31
Q

Choose the normal anatomic structure that EV imaging can easily identify.

A

Ovaries

32
Q

What bones comprise the pelvic skeleton?

A

coccyx, sacrum, two innominate bones

33
Q

The rectus muscle is seen mostly in the lower abdomen in a(n):

A

Ovoid shape

34
Q

The cross-sectional shape of the iliopsoas muscle appears on ultrasound as:

A

Hook with bulbous medial limb

35
Q

The space of Retzius (preperitoneal space) is located:

A

Between the bladder and symphysis pubis

36
Q

It is not uncommon to see anterior artifact echoes in the urinary bladder. They are:

A

Wall reverberation

37
Q

On sonograms, the muscular walls of the vagina produce a moderately ____ pattern typical of smooth muscle.

A

Hypoechoic

38
Q

Which of the following describes the uterine segments?

A

Fundus, corpus, isthumus, cervix

39
Q

What is the largest portion of the uterus?

A

Corpus

40
Q

The uterine layer not seen with ultrasound is:

A

Cerosal

41
Q

A uterus in a female infant would:

A

Appear cylindrical

42
Q

Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands and known as:

A

Nabothian cyst

43
Q

The length of the adult nulliparous uterus is approximately:

A

8 cm

44
Q

On ultrasound, the cervix visualizes as a cylinder-like structure measuring from:

A

2.5 to 3.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in width

45
Q

Mittelschmerz is:

A

Mid cycle pain often associated with ovulation

46
Q

One branch of the internal iliac artery is of importance to sonographers because it is accessible to Doppler evaluation using an endovaginal approach. It is the:

A

Uterine artery

47
Q

Venous congestion appears as:

A

Pelvic varices

48
Q

Echogenic ovarian foci may indicate the presence of all except:

A

Simple cyst

GYN (6 decks)

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