Chapters 5/6

Question 1

Responsible for movement of body and all of its joints

Answer 1

muscular system

Question 2

muscles provide

Answer 2

protection, posture and supports, major portion of body heat

Question 3

4 properties related to skeletal muscle tissue movement about joints

Answer 3

irritability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 4

property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli

Answer 4

irritability

Question 5

ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated

Answer 5

contractility

Question 6

extensibility

Answer 6

ability of muscle to be stretched or lengthened

Question 7

ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching or contracting

Answer 7

elasticity

Question 8

proximal attachement, generally considered the least movable part or the part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body

Answer 8

origin

Question 9

distal attachment, generally considered the most movable part or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or center of the body

Answer 9

insertion

Question 10

specific movement of joint resulting from a concentric contraction of a muscle which crosses joint

Answer 10

action

Question 11

muscles are usually named due to

Answer 11

shape, size, number of divisions, direction of fibers, location, points of attachment, action, action/shape

Question 12

2 major types of fiber arrangements

Answer 12

parallel muscles, pennate muscles

Question 13

parallel fiber arrangements are categorized into ______ shapes

Answer 13

flat, fusiform, strap, radiate, sphincter or circular

Question 14

long parallel fibers allow for increased_______

Answer 14

range of motion

Question 15

pennate muscles are arranged….

Answer 15

obliquely to their tendons in a manner similar to a feather

Question 16

pennate arrangement increases….

Answer 16

the cross sectional area of the muscle, thereby increasing the power

Question 17

which fiber arrangements produce the strongest contractions

Answer 17

unipennate, bipennate

Question 18

give an example of an open chain exercise

Answer 18

bicep curl

Question 19

concentric muscle contraction

Answer 19

resistance moves AWAY from gravity

Question 20

eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 20

occurs when muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of resistance

Question 21

isokinetics

Answer 21

a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions

Question 22

aggregate muscle action

Answer 22

muscles work in groups rather than independently to achieve a given joint motion

Question 23

antagonist muscles

Answer 23

prime movers

Question 24

agonist muscles

Answer 24

secondary movers

Question 25

agonist, does the majority of the work, best line of pull, best angle of pull, may change depending on the angle of motion

Answer 25

prime mover!

Question 26

synergists, "assists" with the motion, cross a joint but make little contribution to movement, inadequate line of pull

Answer 26

secondary mover

Question 27

lines of pull

Answer 27

if a muscle crosses on aspect of the joint, it will pull the bone in that direction

Question 28

cross/act on two different joints

Answer 28

biarticular muscles

Question 29

act on three or more joints due to the line of pull between their origin/insertion crossing multiple joints

Answer 29

multiarticular muscles

Question 30

antagonist muscles groups must relax and lengthen when ...

Answer 30

the agonist muscle group contracts

Question 31

length tension relationship

Answer 31

the length at which the muscle can produce the greatest force

Question 32

force velocity curve

Answer 32

ability of the muscle to produce force with increasing velocity

Question 33

muscle length-tension relationship

Answer 33

maximal ability of a muscle to develop tension/exert force varies depends upon the length of the muscle during contraction

Question 34

active insufficiency is reached when the muscle becomes...

Answer 34

shortened to the point that it can not generate or maintain active tension

Question 35

passive insufficiency is reached when the muscle becomes...

Answer 35

stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen/ allow movement

Question 36

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 36

31

Question 37

dertmatome

Answer 37

defined area of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve

Question 38

myotome

Answer 38

muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve

Question 39

how do we develop?

Answer 39

cephalocaudal

Question 40

sensorimotor

Answer 40

sensory input improves motor learning

Question 41

3 components needed for motor learning

Answer 41

person, task, environment

Question 42

stages of Fitts-Posner Learning Theory

Answer 42

verbal cognitive, associative stage, autonomous stage

Question 43

emphasis on speed will reduce

Answer 43

accuracy

Question 44

kinesthesis

Answer 44

awareness of position and movement of the body in space

Question 45

internal receptors located in skin, joints, muscles, and tendons which provide feedback relative to tension, length, and contraction state of muscle, position of body and limbs, and movements of joints

Answer 45

proprioceptors