Chapters 5 to 9

Question 1

A lack of exercise could

Answer 1

result in porous and weak bones.

Question 2

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

Answer 2

closes and heals with relatively little scarring.

Question 3

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they

Answer 3

contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.

Question 4

A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)

Answer 4

abrasion.

Question 5

Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

Answer 5

elevated levels of estrogen.

Question 6

A(n) ________ fracture shatters the bone.

Answer 6

comminuted

Question 7

A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the

Answer 7

mastoid process.

Question 8

A(n) ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Answer 8

spiral

Question 9

A rib is an example of a ________ bone.

Answer 9

flat

Question 10

A(n) ________ or closed fracture does not break the skin.

Answer 10

simple

Question 11

A common cause of dandruff is

Answer 11

inflammation around sebaceous glands.

Question 12

A shallow depression on a bone is termed a

Answer 12

fossa.

Question 13

A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is ________.

Answer 13

rickets

Question 14

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following, except

Answer 14

epidermis.

Question 15

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the

Answer 15

crista galli.

Question 16

A new mother notices that her 6-month-old infant has a yellow-orange complexion. Fearful that the child may have jaundice, she takes him to her pediatrician. After examining the child and learning about the infant’s diet, the pediatrician declares him perfectly healthy and advises the mother to watch the child’s diet. What is likely the cause for the change in skin color?

Answer 16

The infant probably has a fondness for vegetables that are high in carotene, such as sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. It is not uncommon for parents to feed babies what they will eat best. If the child consumes large amounts of carotene, the yellow-orange pigment will be stored in the skin, producing a yellow-orange skin color.

Question 17

Aging has what effect on the skeletal system?

Answer 17

loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix

Question 18

A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

Answer 18

foramen

Question 19

Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis are called _______.

Answer 19

blisters

Question 20

A tubercle of a rib articulates with

Answer 20

the costal facets of thoracic vertebrae.

Question 21

A fracture of the bone across its long axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.

Answer 21

transverse

Question 22

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a(n) ________.

Answer 22

scab

Question 23

A bacterial infection that is often fatal in burn patients is called ________.

Answer 23

sepsis

Question 24

A boot-top fracture that involves both lower leg bones is called a(n) ________ fracture.

Answer 24

Pott

Question 25

A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a ________.

Answer 25

sinus

Question 26

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called ________.

Answer 26

scoliosis

Question 27

A ________ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley.

Answer 27

trochlea

Question 28

A bruise turns "black and blue" because of ________ in the dermis.

Answer 28

broken blood vessels

Question 29

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called

Answer 29

osteoporosis.

Question 30

A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman's pelvic outlet.

Answer 30

smaller

Question 31

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a(n) ________ fracture.

Answer 31

Colles

Question 32

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin, except that it

Answer 32

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.

Question 33

A ligament attaches the acetabulum to the femur at the ________, a small pit in the center of the femoral head.

Answer 33

fovea capitis

Question 34

A fracture at the ankle involving both lower leg bones is often called a ________ fracture.

Answer 34

Pott

Question 35

All of the following are true of lumbar vertebrae, except that

Answer 35

the vertebral bodies are thin and delicate.

Question 36

All of the following are true of the sacrum, except that it

Answer 36

articulates with the second and third lumbar vertebrae.

Question 37

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a ________.

Answer 37

tuberosity

Question 38

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.

Answer 38

deviated

Question 39

A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening. A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following, except

Answer 39

ice packs applied to the burn area.

Question 40

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the

Answer 40

external callus.

Question 41

A(n) ________ fracture produces shattered bone fragments.

Answer 41

comminuted

Question 42

A calcified skeletal muscle is an example of ________.

Answer 42

heterotopic bone formation

Question 43

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except it

Answer 43

is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.

Question 44

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it

Answer 44

produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Question 45

A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through the

Answer 45

mandibular foramen.

Question 46

A hole through a bone is termed a

Answer 46

foramen.

Question 47

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.

Answer 47

keloid

Question 48

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

Answer 48

sphenoid.

Question 49

A child with rickets often has

Answer 49

bowed legs.

Question 50

An albino individual lacks the ability to produc

Answer 50

melanin.

Question 51

List the types of movement that may be permitted at a synovial joint.

Answer 51

linear, gliding motion, angular motion (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction), rotation, and a series of special movements (eversion, inversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression)

Question 52

An immovable joint is a(n)

Answer 52

synarthrosis.

Question 53

Joints can be classified structurally as

Answer 53

All of the answers are correct.

Question 54

Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include

Answer 54

All of the answers are correct.

Question 55

A suture is an example of a(n)

Answer 55

synarthrosis.

Question 56

Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

Answer 56

gomphosis.

Question 57

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

Answer 57

eversion.

Question 58

A ________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe.

Answer 58

bunion

Question 59

A general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system is ________.

Answer 59

rheumatism

Question 60

A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed

Answer 60

syndesmosis.

Question 61

Degenerative changes in a joint can be the result of all of the following, except

Answer 61

bursitis.

Question 62

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

Answer 62

ribs with the sternum.

Question 63

Ankle extension is also called

Answer 63

plantar flexion.

Question 64

How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different?

Answer 64

Osteoarthritis is a "wear-and-tear" disease seen usually in the elderly. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks synovial joints, triggered by an infection or some other cause

Question 65

A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by

Answer 65

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

Question 66

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

Answer 66

diarthrosis.

Question 67

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

Answer 67

amphiarthrosis.

Question 68

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

Answer 68

the knee contains seven major ligaments.

Question 69

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci

Answer 69

act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.

Question 70

A freely movable joint is a(n)

Answer 70

diarthrosis.

Question 71

All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, except

Answer 71

dorsiflexion.

Question 72

Arthritis always involves damage to the ________ cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.

Answer 72

articular

Question 73

A herniated disc occurs when the

Answer 73

nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus.

Question 74

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except

Answer 74

rolling.

Question 75

A joint where bones fuse together with bone tissue is called a

Answer 75

synostosis.

Question 76

In a triaxial articulation

Answer 76

movement can occur in all three axes.

Question 77

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

Answer 77

synostosis.

Question 78

A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain and stiffness in her shoulder joint. In talking with her, you discover that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her school's softball team. What is likely causing the pain?

Answer 78

Her pain is probably caused by injury to the rotator cuff, which can result from repetitive motion, trauma, or excessive force. The rotator cuff consists of the tendons of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. If torn, surgical repair may be indicated.

Question 79

Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called ________.

Answer 79

hyperextension

Question 80

Joints in which the bones are closely fitted are

Answer 80

strong joints with restricted movement.

Question 81

Joints in which adjacent bones are joined by a strong interosseous ligament are

Answer 81

syndesmoses.

Question 82

Curling into the "fetal position" ________ the intervertebral joints.

Answer 82

flexes

Question 83

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

Answer 83

hyperextension.

Question 84

Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except

Answer 84

around blood vessels.

Question 85

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

Answer 85

flexion of the forearm.

Question 86

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

Answer 86

dislocation

Question 87

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

Answer 87

dorsiflexion.

Question 88

All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception.

Answer 88

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

Question 89

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed

Answer 89

inversion.

Question 90

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

Answer 90

abduction.