Characteristics of the behaviour Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is schizophrenia?
A life-long illness that affects 1% of the population it causes an individual to have a break from reality. Everyone will experience it differently with a different cluster of symptoms. There is no cure but medication can be used to help reduce symptoms and someone can be symptom free for a long period of time.
Who developed the theory of positive and negative symptoms?
Scheider
What are positive symptoms?
Symptoms that add to the disorder and normal behaviour e.g., hallucinations and delusions
What are negative symptoms?
Symptoms that take away from normal behaviour e.g., Alogia and Flatness of effect.
What is the A01 Content?
- Positive symptoms
- Negative symptoms
- Diagnostic Criteria
List some positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Disorganised thinking
- Catatonia
List some negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
- Flatness of effect
- Alogia
- Avoliation
- Anhedonia
What does Avoliation mean?
The lack of motivation to do activites
What does Alogia mean?
The inability to produce speech properly commonly known as ‘speech poverty’
What does Adhedonia mean?
The inability to gain pleasure from enjoyable activities.
What is dis-organised thinking?
When an individuals thoughts are difficult to follow, they often jump around different topics and can sometimes become imcomprehensible.
What is hallucinations?
Hallucinations are when a person visualises things that aren’t actually there. They can be auditory, visual or tactile.
What are delusions?
Thoughts or beliefs about something that is untrue e.g. thinking the government is spying on you
Name different types of delusions and what they are.
- Grandiose delusions (the belief that you are superior and have exceptional abilities e.g., superpowers.
- Persecutory delusions ( belief that your going to be harmed by an individual or organisation)
What is a Prodromal symptom?
Symptoms that are present before the diagnosis of schizophrenia they are often found in young people before the illness fully presents itself.
List some Prodromal symptoms
- Loss of interest in usual activities
- Avoiding company of others
- Staying away from work or school
- Generalised anxiety
What are the names of the classification criteria used to diagnose schizophrenia in the UK and USA.
- UK is the ICD-11
- USA is the DSM-5
Difference between DSM-5 and ICD-11
ICD-11 includes diagnostic criteria for physical illness whereas DSM-5 focuses on mental illness. In terms of diagnosing schizophrenia they are both relatively similar.
Describe the roles of these diagnostic criteria materials
To allow doctors to diagnose patients, they are constantly up to date with recent psychiatry research.
Describe the diagnostic criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia according to the ICD-11.
A patient must have experienced 2 or more of the following symptoms for most of the time period of 1 month or more.
1. Persistent delusions
2. Persistent hallucinations
3. Disorganised thinking
4. Experiences that ones thoughts are not their own, they are not in control of themselves.
The symptoms must not be a manifestation for another medical condition and are not due to the effects of another medication.
Describe the diagnostic criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia according to the DSM-5.
Characteristic Symptoms: Two or more for 1 month (at least one from 1-3):
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (e.g., diminished emotional expression)
B. Social/Occupational Dysfunction: Significant decline in work, relationships, or self-care.
C. Duration: Symptoms persist for at least 6 months, including 1 month of active symptoms.
D. Exclusion of Other Disorders: Not explained by schizoaffective, mood disorder, or medical conditions.
E. Exclusion of Substance Use or Medical Condition: Symptoms not due to drugs or medical issues.
