Methods of modifying 2 - CBT Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the A01 Content?
- CBT for irrational thinking
- Engagement strategies and psycho education
- Cognitive strategies
How does CBT help with disordered thinking?
The purpose of CBT is to help the individual consider their thoughts in a rational way, they make the client aware of them and how they may connect to their lines and behaviours. They challenge interpretations to see they have no basis.
How does CBT reduce positive symptoms?
This technique can help them rationalise behaviours that lead to positive symptoms such as hallucinations. It also helps the client to be more self reliant and be more empowered when it comes to their illness.
What did Frith say about schizophrenics and how will CBT help this?
Frith argued that schizophrenia is a result of a failure to monitor their own thoughts. They may think they hear voices but it’s their own speech being misinterpreted. CBT will help this by recognising these voices and helping them represent who they are.
When does CBT take place and how many sessions are required.
All patients are different but typically weekly or fortnightly sessions are required for a total of 5-20 sessions.
Outline the process of the ‘Engagement Strategies’
The therapist works with the client and sinuses any symptoms that may be of a particular concern, they build a rapport with the client to avoid mistrust. They discuss natural coping strategies and help the patient understand they are the expert in their own symptoms.
Outline the processes of the ‘Psycho-education’
Firstly the therapist rationalises and normalises the clients experiences of symptoms offering alternative explanations from what the client imagines. Then they increase the clients understanding of the illness and context of why their symptoms occur so they can further assess their understanding.
What are the two cognitive strategies used in CBT?
- Behavioural skills training
- Relapse prevention
Outline the ‘Behavioural Skills Training’
Effective behavioural strategies are taught to the client such as relaxation pleasant activity planning to help clients cope with their symptoms when they arise. They adapt a process where they define a problem, come up with solutions, evaluate the alternatives, choose a solution and evaluate the outcome. They adapt a better thinking pattern aswell.
Outline the ‘Relapse prevention strategies’
The client and therapist devise a checklist of potential triggers that could cause a relapse. They use this to develop a plan that could be employed when relapse is likely, they may include social networks.
Evaluation - Effectiveness Research support
Kuipers et al found that when a group of individual sixth schizophrenia were given either CBT or a standard care condition after 9 months 50% of those receiving CBT had a reduction in psychotic symptoms whereas this was much lower for the control group.
Evaluation - Not suitable for all patients
A study was conducted (Bentall) and t was found that CBT is only effective in those who are experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia as the disordered thinking in not engrained and can be reversed. Relapse rates seem to be much higher in long term studies.
Evaluation - Can not be used as a sole treatment
CBT is often paired with antipsychotics and therefore can not be accurately deemed effective on its own. Only a partial treatment.
Evaluation - Used to treat mild symptoms
The sample of research into effectiveness may be biased as mostly available to patients experiencing mild symptoms. Those with severe symptoms are much more resistant to change and therefore generalising this treatment may in unreliable.
Evaluation Ethical Implications - Potentially a negative experience for clients
They may feel frustrated if they can not successfully engage in CBT due to the nature of their illness, they may have self doubt and feel like a failure. They may feel invalidated if they are not familiar with their illness.
Evaluation - Some psychiatrists may limit access to CBT
Some may feel CBT is not appropriate for some patients, they may feel the patient doesn’t accept their illness snd therefore won’t engage effectively. They may feel purely anti-psychotics are more effective. Psychiatric prejudice may be limiting the access of CBT in individuals who could benefit from it.
Evaluation - CBT is cost effective
Would save the NHS and the economy large amount of money in the long term, although short term more expensive than anti-psychotics CBT would reduce the amount of people needing emergency psychiatric resources later on down the line.
