ChatGPT Exam III: Surgery

Question 1

What are the key anatomical structures of the ear?

Answer 1

Vertical & horizontal ear canals, pinna, osseous bulla.

Question 2

What are the risk factors for aural hematoma?

Answer 2

Head shaking, trauma, infections.

Question 3

What types of neoplasia can affect the external ear canal?

Answer 3

SCC, hemangioma, MCT, etc.

Question 4

What are common infections that can lead to surgical interventions in the ear?

Answer 4

Chronic otitis.

Question 5

What is the recurrence risk after aspiration & steroid injection for aural hematoma?

Answer 5

10-25%.

Question 6

What are the surgical options for treating aural hematoma?

Answer 6

Incision & drainage with staggered full-thickness sutures, teat tube or indwelling drain.

Question 7

What percentage of tumors in the external ear canal are malignant?

Answer 7

88%.

Question 8

What are common tumors found in the external ear canal?

Answer 8

Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, SCC, sebaceous adenocarcinoma.

Question 9

What are the surgical options for neoplasia of the external ear canal?

Answer 9

Biopsy, cryosurgery, lateral ear resection, TECA-LBO.

Question 10

What are common bacteria associated with otitis media?

Answer 10

Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, E. coli, Proteus.

Question 11

What are the indications for surgical intervention in otitis media?

Answer 11

No improvement after 4-6 weeks, severe neurologic signs.

Question 12

What surgical procedures are indicated for chronic otitis media?

Answer 12

Ventral Bulla Osteotomy (VBO), TECA-LBO.

Question 13

What is the most appropriate surgical procedure for chronic otitis externa in a Cocker Spaniel?

Answer 13

Total Ear Canal Ablation with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (TECA-LBO).

Question 14

What are basic laparoscopic procedures in general practice?

Answer 14

OVE, OVH, prophylactic gastropexy, liver biopsy, cryptorchidectomy.

Question 15

What are the advantages of laparoscopic surgery?

Answer 15

Faster recovery, decreased pain, less soft tissue trauma, shorter hospitalization, improved visualization.

Question 16

What techniques can be used to create a capnoperitoneum?

Answer 16

Veress needle, Hasson technique, SILS port.

Question 17

What are common reasons for converting laparoscopic surgery to open surgery?

Answer 17

Hemorrhage, loss of insufflation, poor visualization, equipment failure, unanticipated intra-op findings.

Question 18

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for laparoscopy: severe peritonitis, mild hepatomegaly, history of previous laparotomy, young age?

Answer 18

Severe peritonitis.

Question 19

What is the difference between skin flaps and skin grafts?

Answer 19

Flaps maintain vascular attachment; grafts do not.

Question 20

What are the types of skin flaps?

Answer 20

Subdermal plexus flaps (advancement, rotational, transposition), axial pattern flaps.

Question 21

What are the surgical principles for skin flap surgery?

Answer 21

Minimize tension, atraumatic tissue handling, healthy recipient bed.

Question 22

What are common complications of skin flap surgery?

Answer 22

Seroma, flap necrosis, bruising & edema, dehiscence, infection.

Question 23

What is the best reconstructive approach for a large wound on the lateral thigh after a dog fight?

Answer 23

Transposition flap.

Question 24

What should learners prioritize in their study for surgical procedures?

Answer 24

Clinical decision-making, anatomical differences, early recognition of complications.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Aural hematoma is treated surgically with _______.

Answer 25

Aspiration & steroid injection.

Question 26

True or False: 88% of tumors in the external ear canal are benign.

Answer 26

False.

Question 27

What are the surgical indications for urinary stones?

Answer 27

* Urinary obstruction (ureter or urethra) * Failure of medical dissolution (struvite, urate, cystine) * Increasing stone size * Renal dysfunction from nephroliths * Recurrent infections with uroliths ## Footnote These indications guide when surgical intervention is necessary for managing urinary stones.

Question 28

What imaging techniques are preferred for diagnosing nephroliths?

Answer 28

* Radiographs * Ultrasound ## Footnote These imaging methods are effective for visualizing kidney stones.

Question 29

What is a cystotomy?

Answer 29

Bladder incision to remove stones ## Footnote Cystotomy is one of the surgical procedures performed for urolithiasis.

Question 30

What are the common post-operative complications of urolithiasis surgery?

Answer 30

* Incomplete stone removal (14-20%) * Hematuria/dysuria (37-50%, resolves in days) * Uroabdomen (suture failure, <1.5%) ## Footnote Understanding these complications is crucial for post-operative care.

Question 31

What is the best surgical treatment for recurrent urethral obstructions in male cats?

Answer 31

Perineal urethrostomy ## Footnote This procedure is preferred for cases that do not respond to other management strategies.

Question 32

What type of hernia is caused by blunt trauma?

Answer 32

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia ## Footnote This type of hernia can displace organs such as the liver, intestines, and stomach.

Question 33

What are the signs of a hiatal hernia?

Answer 33

* Dyspnea * Muffled lung sounds * Borborygmi in thorax ## Footnote These signs are important for diagnosis and indicate the presence of a hiatal hernia.

Question 34

What is the treatment for perineal hernias in older intact male dogs?

Answer 34

Surgical repair (internal obturator flap) + castration ## Footnote This approach addresses both the hernia and underlying hormonal influences.

Question 35

What are the primary abnormalities associated with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)?

Answer 35

* Stenotic nares * Elongated soft palate * Everted laryngeal saccules * Hypoplastic trachea ## Footnote These abnormalities contribute to airway obstruction in brachycephalic breeds.

Question 36

What is the surgical procedure for elongated soft palate in BOAS?

Answer 36

Staphylectomy, folded flap palatoplasty ## Footnote These procedures aim to correct the elongated soft palate, improving airflow.

Question 37

What is the best long-term treatment for laryngeal paralysis?

Answer 37

Laryngeal tie-back (cricoarytenoid lateralization) ## Footnote This surgical option is recommended for managing the condition effectively.

Question 38

What are the signs of laryngeal paralysis?

Answer 38

* Inspiratory stridor * Exercise intolerance * Collapse * Aspiration pneumonia ## Footnote Recognizing these signs is crucial for diagnosis and intervention.

Question 39

What are some emergency treatments for BOAS?

Answer 39

* Oxygen * Cooling * Dexamethasone ## Footnote These treatments are vital in managing acute episodes associated with BOAS.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The surgical procedure to permanently widen the urethral opening is called _______.

Answer 40

Urethrostomy ## Footnote This procedure is performed when other methods are ineffective.

Question 41

True or False: Hematuria and dysuria occur in 37-50% of cases post-urolithiasis surgery and typically resolve in days.

Answer 41

True ## Footnote These complications are common but usually self-resolving.