Cheat sheet quick reference

Question 1

Iron Def Anemia

Answer 1

• due to chronic blood loss
• Ddx: PSS, breed, anemia of inflam

CBC:
regenerative anemia (decrease PCV/increase retics)
microcytic anemia (low MCV)
Thrombocytosis (increase platelets)

Smear:
keratocytes
schistocytes
hypochromasia
polychromatic cells
anisocytosis

Chem:
decrease Fe and transferrin

Question 2

IMHA

Answer 2

Cocker spaniels
FeLV
Ddx: envenomation
mismatched transfusion
Zn toxicosis
Heinz body anemia

CBC:
anemia
usually regenerative
thrombocytopenia (low PLT)
inflam leukogram w/ left shift
Increase MCV due to agglutination

Smear:
spherocytes-90%
heinz bodies
agglutination
polychromatic cells

Chem:
azotemic: increased BUN +/- Crea

Question 3

Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis

Answer 3

acute renal failure

CBC: regenerative anemia

Chem:
Increased BUN (azotemic)
Increased Crea
Increase BG
Increase Phos
DECREASED Ca
Metabolic acidosis

UA:
Calcium oxalate

Question 4

Steroids

Answer 4

stress leukogram
increased BG
increased GGT
increased ALP
increased bile acids

Question 5

Primary Hypoparathyroidism

Answer 5

CS: dehydrated

CBC:
low PCV (dehydration)
stress leukogram

Chem:
low Ca (severe)
High Phos
Low PTH

Question 6

Canine Pacreatitis

Answer 6

soft tissue mineralization
(Ca * P > 60/70= yes)
+/- Bile duct obstruction
BEST test: PLI**

Chem:
Decrease Ca (mild)
Decrease ALT
Increase ALP
Increase Amylase/Lipase
Increase Bilirubin

Question 7

Feline Pancreatitis

Answer 7

Serum lipemic
BEST test: PLI

Chem:
Decrease Ca
Decrease ALB
Decrease K
Increase ALP/ALT
Increase Bilirubin
Increase Cholesterol 
\+/- increase BG

Question 8

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

Answer 8

Chem:
Increase Ca
Decrease Phos

decrease PTH
Increase PTHrp

Question 9

Hyperparathyroid

Answer 9

Chem:
increase Ca
low Phos

Increased PTH

Question 10

General renal dz

Answer 10

Anemia (low EPO)

Chem:
Increase BUN (azotemic)
Increase Crea
Increase Phos
Increase Mg
Increase K
Increase Ca
Decrease Na
Decrease Cl
Acidosis

UA:
proteinuria
Pre: increase USG
Renal: decrease USG
Post: variable USG

Question 11

Glomerular

Answer 11

Decrease ALB
Increase Cholesterol

Proteinuria

Question 12

Acute Renal Failure

Answer 12

damages kidneys fast
marked decrease GFR
CS: sick, good BCS, anorexic, V/D, halitosis, oliguria/anuria, depressed, sz
Causes: toxins: lillies, infection, renal ischemia

Chem:
Increase BUN
Increase Crea
Increase K (low GFR, can't get rid of K)
Acidemia

UA:
+/- proteinuria
cellular casts

Question 13

Chronic Renal failure

Answer 13

geriatric cats, slow onset, poor BCS
CS: anorexic, V/D, halitosis, PU/PD, depressed, hypertension
-low GFR <25%

CBC: non reg anemia
dehydration
low EPO

Chem:
Increase ALB/Proteins (dehydration)
Increase BUN/Creat- azotemia
Increase Phos
low K
metabolic acidosis

UA:
isosthenuria
polyuria

Question 14

End Stage Renal Failure

Answer 14

<5%
CS: anorexic, V/D, halitosis, PU/PD, depressed, hypertension

CBC:
non reg anemia
dehydration
low EPO

Chem:
Increased BUN/Crea- azotemia
Increase phos
Increase K- no urine, can't excrete K
Metabolic acidosis

UA:
isosthenuria
oliguria/anuria

Question 15

Glomerularnephritis

Answer 15

Requires 5 things:
proteinuria (glomerular dz)
hypoalbuminemia (loss of albumin)
abdominal effusion(loss of oncotic pressure)
hypercholesterolemia
hypercoagulable state (loss of antithrombin)

Question 16

Uroabdomen

Answer 16

Depressed, anorexic, low HR, dribbles urine

Chem:
Increase BUN/Creat- azotemic
Increase K**
Decrease Na**

Question 17

Myoglobinuria

Answer 17

excercise/capture myopathy

Chem:
Increase CK
Increase AST

UA:
blood, casts

Question 18

Cholestasis

Answer 18

Increase ALB
Increase Bilirubin
Increase GGT
Increase ALP
Increase Cholesterol
Increase bile acids
increase leakage & induced enzymes

UA:
hyperbilirubinuria

Question 19

Hepatocellular damage

Answer 19

Chem:
Increase ALT (not specific in LA)
Increase AST (not liver specific)
Increase SDH (LA)
Increase GLDH (LA)

Question 20

Liver failure

Answer 20

Decrease BG
Decrease ALB
Decrease BUN
Decrease Cholesterol
Increase Bilirubin
Increase bile acids
Increased ammonia

coag normal

Question 21

Hypoadrenocorticism Addison’s Dz

Answer 21

Female dogs
CS: Vomit, anorexia, shock, low HR, thin

Addisonian crisis:
dehydration, shock, low HR, weak femoral pulse

mild to moderate non reg anemia
lack of stress leukogram

Chem:
↑ P
↑ Ca
↑ K
↓ Na
↓ Cl
↑ BUN/creat -Azotemic
↑ BUN – dehydration/GI bleed/bloody D
↓ BG – 20-40%

Question 22

Hyperadrenocorticism Cushings Dz

Answer 22

“hyper children jump on cushions”
smaller dogs, mid/older
CS: pot belly, hepatomegaly, thin skin, hair loss, PU/PD

CBC:
stress leukogram
increase PCV-mild
nRBCs

Chem:
↑ ALP
↑ Cholesterol – 90%
↑ BG – 60%
↑ ALT – 90%
↓ BUN
↓ P

Other: 
AbN Bile Acids
N UCCR
LDDST: 
8hr:  ↑  = HAC
4hr: ↑ PPDH or AT
        ↓ PPDH
(Adrenal Tumors never, ever suppress)
ACTH Stim: >20ug/dL 
Iatrogenic if flat line

UA:
↓ USG - Dilute (Cortisol inhibites ADH)
Glucosuria
Ketones (DM)
UTI with Neutrophils
BacT
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