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1
Q

Canine hypoadrenocorticism

A

Addisons
dehy, shock, poor appetite, lethargy, vomit, weakness, slow HR, melena, hypothermia

mild/mod non reg anemia
lack of stress leukogram

pre renal azotemia, Increase BUN (dehydration, GI hemorrhage)
HYPOGLYCEMIA
hyponatremia (addisons crisis)
hyperkalemia Na:K ratio <27 suggestive

test: electrolytes and ACTH STIM**test of choice

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2
Q

ACTH STIM test

A

if adrenal cortex is atrophied, it cant produce cortisol in respinse to synthetic ACTH

normal: will increase
addisons: < refer interv is dx
* if # @ 0hr is same as # @ 1hr= addisons or iatrogenic cushings

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3
Q

Canine hyperadrenocorticism

A

Cushings
PU/PD, POT BELLY. muscle weakness, alopecia, calcinosis cutis, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, poodles

mild polycythemia, STRESS luek

Increase ALP, CHOL, ALT

UA: low SG, UTI (immunosuppressed)

Cause: pituitary adenoma**, adrenalcortical tumor, iatrogenic

Test: ALP*, LDDST, ACTH STIM

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4
Q

LDDST

Low dose dex suppression test

A

inject dexamethasone

Healthy: pituitary secretes less ACTH- decrease serum level

Pituitary tumor- cortisol production not suppressed, but sometimes will…

Adrenal tumor: cortisol production NEVER suppresses

8hr= confirmatory test (y or n)
increase= norm
decrease= cushings
4hr= differentiating test
increase= not suppressed- HAC either PDH ot AT
decrease= suppressed- PDH (if below ref inter or below half of baseline)
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5
Q

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism results will _____ @ 4hrs

A

suppress

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6
Q

Adrenal tumor hyperadrenocorticism results will ____ @ 4hrs

A

NOT suppress

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7
Q

Canine hypothyroidism

A

weight gain, cold intolerant, cold ears, slow HR, lethary, skin lesions, alopecia, shedding, poor haircoat

mild/mod non reg anemia
decrease metabolic rate, O2 demand- decrease EPO

Increase CHOL

Tests: TT4 low, FT4 low, TSH high

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8
Q

Primary hypothyroidism test results

A

TT4 low
FT4 low
TSH high

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9
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism

A

TT4 low
FT4 low
TSH low

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10
Q

Euthyroid sick syndrome

A

TT4 low
FT4 norm
TSH norm

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11
Q

Feline hyperthyroidism

A

palpable thyroid slip, fast HR, polyphagia, wt loss, hyperactivity (like a kitten), diarrhea

polycythemia, heinz bodies, stress leuk
increase metabolic rate, O2 demand- increase EPO
T4 directly stimulates BM erythropoiesis

increase ALT, ALP
azotemia (pre-renal dehyd, renal concurrent primary renal insufficiency)

test: Total T4 (TT4)= increase in hyperT cats
(FT4 expensive)

**W/ TX AZOTEMIA IS COMMONLY UNMASKED

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12
Q

What causes us to unmask azotemia when treating?

A

feline hyperthyroidism!!
increaes GFR due to increase cardiac output
less muscle mass- low Crea

super common to unmask renal dz when treating hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

increae PTH- increase Ca, Decrease Phos

parathyroid adenoma

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14
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

decrease PTH- decrease Ca, Increaes Phos

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15
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism
lymphoma
perianal gland adenocarcinoma
mammary carcinoma

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16
Q

ADH response test

A

administer desmopression & monitor USG

conc urine= Central diabetes insipidus (CDI)
dilute urine= Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI)

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17
Q

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a deficiency in ____

A

ADH

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18
Q

Increase retics

A

good bone marrow, regeneration?

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19
Q

Increase MCV

A

reticulocytes increased
agglutination
FeLV?

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20
Q

Decrease lymphs

A

stress/cortisol (increase monos)

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21
Q

Increase bands

A

inflam, left shift

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22
Q

Decrease MCV

A

iron def anemia

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23
Q

Increase segs/neutrophils

24
Q

Decrease retics, PCV, WBC

Study These Flashcards
A

Bone marrow failure

25
Decrease MHC
iron def anemia | regenerative anemia
26
Increase TP, Na, Cl
dehyrdation
27
Increase CK
myopathy
28
Increase lymphs
excited cat neoplasia, antigen, addisons >30,000 leukemia
29
X2 segs
inflam
30
Increase Glob
dehydration | antigenic stimulation
31
Increase phos
decrease GFR? | phos is excreted thru kidney
32
Increase Alb
dehydration
33
Increase ALT
hepatocellular injury
34
Increase AST
hepatocellular injury | muscle damage
35
**Increase Glu
diabetes/acute pancreatitis
36
Spherocytes, agglutination, IV hemolysis, pale cells no Hg
IMHA | cockers
37
Low MCV, microcytosis, Increase PLT, Increase palor, blister cells, Increase RDW, keratocytes, schistocytes
iron def anemia | GI bleed
38
Increase Chol, low Alb, proteinuria, edema
serious glomerular disease
39
Respiratory acidosis is caused from
HYPOventilation
40
Metabolic acidosis is caused from
POOP | KLUE
41
Respiratory alkalosis is caused from
HYPERventilation
42
Metabolic alkalosis is caused from
VOMIT
43
Cow increase Phos, Glu, Alb | low K
GI obstruction
44
Common causes of thrombocytopenia
ehrlichiosis immune mediated thrombocytopenia <20,000 DIC
45
rattle snake venom or electrolyte imbalance
echinocytes
46
Increased MCHC
Failure to fast the patient before bleeding Tylenol toxicosis Onion toxicosis Mycoplasma haemofelis infection
47
Basophilic stippling
lead poisoning/toxicosis
48
What would be most effective in differentiating polycythemia caused by inappropriate erythropoietin production from polycythemia caused by appropriate erythropoietin production?
bone marrow aspirate
49
Heinz body anemia causes
Diabetic ketoacidosis Acetaminophen toxicosis Onion toxicosis Garlic toxicosis
50
inherited neutrophil abnormalities
Pelger huet anomaly Birman cat neutrophil anomaly Alder-Reilly bodies (neutrophil granules) in Mucopolysachharidosis Chediak-Higashi syndrome
51
A buccal mucosal bleeding time evaluates which of the following aspects of hemostasis?
Adequate platelet number and function.
52
Which coagulation factors are dependent upon vitamin K for their activity?
Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X
53
Bone marrow neoplasia Severe overwhelming inflammation Parvovirus Feline Leukemia will see a decrease in what?
neutrophils neutropenia
54
The presence of acanthocytes can be associated with underlying ______
hemangiosarcoma
55
The presence of echinocytes can be associated with ____
rattle snake envenomation
56
Microcytic red cells are most commonly associated with _____
an iron deficiency anemia
57
What is the most common chem abnormality associated with feline hyperthyroidism?
increase ALT

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