Chem Chem

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

any material that is made up of only one type of atom

Question 2

what is a atom?

Answer 2

the smallest particle of an element that has all of the elements chemical properties

Question 3

What particles are atoms made of?

Answer 3

electrons, protons, and neutrons

Question 4

What is the atomic number?

Answer 4

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (upper left hand corner)
atomic number = protons
protons= number of electrons

Question 5

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 5

the total number of protons and neutrons. atomic number- atomic mass(# below element)= neutrons .

Question 6

What is an isotope?

Answer 6

its when an element has equal numbers of protons but different numbers neutrons in their nuclei. (normally a radioactive form of an element)

Question 7

What is a period and what is a group on the periodic table?

what is the trend for atomic size on the periodic table?

Answer 7

period- a horizontal row
group- a vertical column

• going horizontal, decrease in size, going down/vertical increase in size

Question 8

What is an inner transition metal?

Answer 8

one of a group of chemical elements on the periodic table. They include elements 58-71 (lanthanides) and 90-103 (actinides). lanthanides are similar and actinides are radioactive.

Question 9

What is radioactivity?

Answer 9

the process whereby unstable atomic nuclei break down and emit radiation

Question 10

What is a alpha ray?

Answer 10

alpha- carry a positive electrical charge. combo of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. its large so its hard to go through things but it can damage the surface of things.

Question 11

what is a beta ray?

Answer 11

carry a negative charge, originate inside the nucleus. able to penetrate paper or clothing and fairly deeply into skin

Question 12

what is a gamma ray?

Answer 12

carry no charge. are the high frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive elements. can penetrate most materials.

Question 13

What is a nucleon?

What is the strong nuclear force?

Answer 13

• a collective name for protons and neutrons.

- a force that holds quarks together in elementary particles. it is the strongest force known in nature.

Question 14

How do you find alpha decay?

Answer 14

you use 4/2 He.
example:
226/88 Ra becomes=
222/86 Rn… you subtract 4 on the top and subtract 2 on the bottom

Question 15

How do you find beta decay?

Answer 15

you use o/-1 e
example:
3/1H becomes
3/2 He… the top stays the same and the bottom you add one

Question 16

What is nuclear fission?

Answer 16

either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. The fission process often produces free neutrons and gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy.
-used for atomic bombs

Question 17

What does E=mc2 mean?

Answer 17

E= energy that any mass has at rest
m= mass
c= speed of light
c2= proportionally constant of energy and mass

Question 18

Where does nuclear fusion occur?

Answer 18

extremely high temps found in the sun and other stars.

• used for hydrogen bombs
• more powerful
• 2 light nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus

Question 19

what is matter?

Answer 19

physical substance that occupies space and possesses rest mass

Question 20

what is a pure substance?

Answer 20

a substance that consists of only a single element or a single compound (element and compound)

Question 21

What is a element?

Answer 21

any material that is made up of only one type of atom–pure

examples: gold, sulfur, nitrogen

Question 22

what is a compound?

Answer 22

a material in which atoms of different elements are bonded to one another.
examples- salt, carbon dioxide, ammonia

Question 23

what is a homogenous mixture?

Answer 23

a mixture in which the components are so finely mixed that the composition is the same through out–impure

Question 24

what is a heterogenous mixture?

Answer 24

a mixture in which the various components can be seen as individual substances–impure

Question 25

what is a solution?

Answer 25

a homogenous mixture in which all components are in the same phase- examples- air, salt water, white gold

Question 26

what is a suspension?

Answer 26

a homogenous mixture in which the various components are in different phases- examples- milk, blood, fog

Question 27

whats the difference between a solution and a suspension?

Answer 27

particle sizes. solution is a mixture of ions or molecules and it looks transparent. suspension has bigger particle sizes and it looks cloudy

Question 28

How do you find the concentration of a solution?

Answer 28

amount of solute/ around of solution

Question 29

How do you find molarity?

Answer 29

of moles of solute/ liters of solution

Question 30

Why won't a power plant- nuclear reaction to explode?

Answer 30

- The U235 are highly diluted with U238 | - Two separate water systems are used so that no radioactivity reaches the turbine or the outside environment

Question 31

Whats an ionic bond?

Answer 31

-when one atom is + charged ( the one that gives) and the other is - charged (the one that receives) its the opposite charge that attracts and holds them together

Question 32

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 32

- a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron paris between atoms. holds together by a mutual attraction

Question 33

what is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 33

- a pair of electons is unequally shared between two atoms.

Question 34

what is a metallic bond?

Answer 34

- chemical bond that holds the atoms of a metal together.

Question 35

How do you form ionic compounds?

Answer 35

look at the columns on the table: +1, +2..... +3, x, -3, -2, -1, x. then you add it up. example: Na + Cl = Na (+1) + Cl (-1) = NaCl everything has to come out to zero

Question 36

How does the polarity of a molecule affect how molecules are attracted to each other?

Answer 36

the positive and negative ends of polar molecules attract each other.

Question 37

What is a dipole?

Answer 37

positive electric charge is separated from a concentration of negative charge

Question 38

Whats a ion-dipole?

Answer 38

attraction between an ion and and the dipole of a polar molecule

Question 39

whats a dipole-dipole?

Answer 39

an attraction between two polar molecules

Question 40

whats a dipole-induced dipole?

Answer 40

attraction between a permanent dipole and the induced dipole

Question 41

what is a induced dipole-induced dipole?

Answer 41

a temporary dipole induces a nonpolar molecule to a induced dipole

Question 42

Whats solubility? Why do substances have different solubility?

Answer 42

- the ability of a solute to dissolve in a given solvent | - attractions between solute and solvent particles, point of saturation and temp

Question 43

Why does soap work? what are the two parts in the soap molecule?

Answer 43

- it has both polar and non polar properties | - a long non polar tail of carbon and hydrogen atoms and a head containing at least one ionic bond

Question 44

soap process

Answer 44

attracts non polar grime via induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. W/ the non polar tails facing inward toward the grime, the polar heads are all directed outward, where they are attracted to water molecules by strong ion-dipole attractions. if water is going, combo goes down drain.

Question 45

soap history---say wha??

Answer 45

For the past several centuries, soaps have been prepared by treating animal fats with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, also known as caustic lye. In this reaction, which is still used today, each fat molecule is broken down into 3 fatty acid soap molecules and 1 glycerol molecule