Chem-Phys Flashcards
(389 cards)
1
Q
What is the side chain of Lysine?
A
CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3
2
Q
What suffix is used for the lesser charge ion?
A
-ous
3
Q
How do electrons fill orbitals?
A
Fill lowest energy first by singly occupying then doubling
4
Q
where are ribosomes assembled
A
nucleolus
5
Q
What is function of rough ER
A
folding and modifying newly synthesized proteins
6
Q
What are typically multimeric in cytoplasm
A
F-actin, keratin, lamin
7
Q
What moves from centre of cell to edge
A
kinesins
8
Q
What moves from edge of cell inward
A
dyneins
9
Q
___ at + end and ___ at - end
A
grow, shrink
10
Q
Name membrane bound organelles
A
smooth ER, rough ER< mitochondria
11
Q
what is function of smooth ER
A
lipid synthesis, steroid hormone detoxification, detoxification
12
Q
Which way does the effective nuclear charge increase
A
across periodic table
13
Q
Referring to ionization energy as you move across the periodic table it _____ and as you move down it ____
A
increases and decreases
14
Q
What is electron affinity
A
desire to gain an electron
15
Q
How many valence electrons does Be have
A
4
16
Q
what is a network solid
A
covalent bonds high melting
17
Q
what is a molecular solid
A
held by intermolecular forces (HB,LD,DD)
18
Q
what is viscosity
A
property of liquids by which they are resistant to flow, or the resistance to deformation by shear stress.
19
Q
why is colliding elastically not violation of ideal gas law
A
gas particles can collide, but those collisions are elastic and result in no loss of energy.
20
Q
is ch4 or naoh more ideal gas and why
A
ch4 less IMF
21
Q
what is grahams law what is the relationship it describes
A
states that the rate of diffusion or of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.
22
Q
what is one main difference between thermodynamic and kinetic properties of reaction
A
thermodynamic equilibrium/spontaneity
kinetics activation energy and speed
23
Q
at high temperatures which path is favored and why
A
thermodynamic as it stabilizes products and there is sufficient energy to overcome activation
24
Q
What is the effect of reducing pressure
A
shifts to side with more moles
25
What changes Keq
Temperature
26
A molecule that releases the least energy when hydronated will exhibit ___
complete conjugation and resonance
27
how is trans shown in chair diagram
one up one down
28
How can two anomers be interconverted?
mutarotation
29
Is an alcohol or water more acidic
water
30
which tajkes priority in naming aldehyde or alcohol
aldehyde
31
what is a compound that donates a proton
bronsted acid
32
if there is a low pKa is it weak or strong base
weak
33
a cyclic carboxylic acid has the suffix ___
carboxylic acid
34
Which has higher boiling point metahnol or water
water
35
What is osmotic pressure
the amount of pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane
36
An endothermic reaction will shift to recatants or products
products
37
If tehre are 6 moles of gas and the partial pressure is 3 moles is 300 what is the total pressure
900
38
what is a molecule
molecule is arrangement of 2 or more atoms that together have own properties
39
If there is a graph showing phase changes what area would display largest specific heat capacity
most upward slope
40
which curve is steeper isothermic or adiabolic
adiabatic
41
what is underlying force of tension
electromagnetic
42
if contact of force in motion it is kinetic or static
kinetic
43
what does the tiny amount of weak acid added to buffer do
allows identify when equivalence point reached
44
what would be equivalence point of strong acid and weak base
below 7
45
how does the magnitude of charge relate for proton and electron
same
46
what do we know if delta V is negative
moved from high to low electron potential
47
If a magnet were to rotate it would have to have a ____ force
non zero rotational
48
What always has a uniform spin
ferromagnetic
49
Does resistivity change with shape
No property of material
50
What is the spin on ferromagnetic
uniform
51
What is the Keq for non spon reaction
K<1
52
What are key identifiers of SN2
a polar aprotic solvent and a primary alkyl halide with a good leaving group
53
which is more stable a tertiary carboanion or primary
primary
54
In subsitution what usually attacks what site
nucleophilic attack on electrophilic site
55
What type of reaction is hemiacetal to acetal formation
nucleophilic sub
56
what favors kinetic enolate product
strong statically hindered base
57
what is product of Michael addition
1,5 dicarbonyl structure.
58
what are 2 equations invovlign planks constant
λ = h/mv.
| E=hf
59
how do waves speed compare in vacuum
all same
60
is the frequency/wavelength relationship true in all conditions
yes
61
what comes after I on periodic table
xe
62
what does adding solute do to colligative properties
raises BP lowers MP
63
if a cell is hypertonic does water flow in or out
out
64
in distillation what is a property of remainign liquid
higher BP
65
what is structure of acetone
central carbon double bonded to o and 2 ch3 groups
66
what is equation for power
P=v^2/R
67
where is the carbonyl stretch on IR spectrum
1700-1750
68
as the electron transport chain goes on reduction potentials ____
increase
69
if delat g is negative the keq will be
greater than 1
70
what does the angle of incidence equal
reflection
71
for a reaction thatr is spon at low temps whats true abotu delta h and delta s
both negative
72
what is parallel capacitor
when voltage applied charges accumulate
73
what do microtubules play a role in
phagosome transport, mitosis, meiosis
74
what is spring constant and what units
K in N/m
75
what angle is best for mechanical advantage
90
76
how does ramp incline change in terms of amount of work
it doesn't
77
how does ioniaztion increase
across and up
78
which has higher electrical potential anode or cathode
anode
79
at higher temps what happens to air speed
faster
80
if mountain pressure is 660 what is the pressure it would boil at
660
81
what is bond btwen C and N in cyanide
triple
82
which has highest bp water methanol or acetone
acetone
83
for Agcl what is relation btwen ksp and molar soulbitlity
ksp= molarsoul^2
84
when lookign at colligitve properties always check
particles after dissociation
85
how can you syntehsize an anhydride
with 2 carboxylic acids
86
are alkoxides good or bad leaving groups
bad
87
where is alpha hydrogen
on carbon next to the carbonyl carbon
88
what is the product and intermediate of reductive amination
product amine intermediate imine
89
if mobile phase of TLC is nonpolar the compound with highest Rf would be
non polar
90
what forms when cyanide and aldehyde react
cyanohydrin
91
what happens to stereochem in SN2
inverts
92
what can be used to convert carboxylic acid to acyl halide
PCl5
93
how can we get NMR signal
n+1 where n is # of H on adjacent carbon
94
in recrystaliization we want a solvent that would result in
molecule not soluble at cold but soluble at warm temps
95
what is product of rxn between amine and ester
amide
96
SI unit p
10 ^-12
97
if a time vs lnconc graph is linear what reaction order is it
first
98
what happens to enegry of spring as approaches equilibrium
dec potential gain kinetic
99
how does frequency change across mediums
its same
100
1 atm =
760 mmhg= 10^5 pa
101
why signomdal shape of o2 binding
hematropic regulation
102
at higher temp gasses become
more ideal
103
a pka for indicator should be
greater than final pH
104
imine
R=NR
105
what is worked measured in
J
106
what is planks contsnat
6.62 x10^-34js
107
something accelerating has to have
nonzero fnet
108
can pH be negative and if so what cases
yes if H is over 1M
109
what is pa equal to
N/m^2
110
if someone is on operating table one msut clamp artery because pressurized blood converts to what
kinetic energy
111
flow rate =
area x velocity
112
verturi effect says lowest pressure is at ____ part
narrow
113
dynamic pressure is
difference between stagnation and static pressure
114
colligitive properties
melting and vapour pressure depression, BP elevation
115
___ drives protonation
H+ presence aka low PH
116
what is soemthign with multipel ox states and bright colors
transition metal
117
if 3 eleements have same number of electrons how would you determine which has smallest radius
most protons
118
hwo do u find change in temp
delta t = kb m I
119
low first ionization and high second points us to
alkali metal or oxygen containing
120
acetal hydrolysis yield
2 alcohol and aldehyde
121
which is better leaving group Cl or I
I
122
To minimize side reactions pick condition with
bad LG
123
hydrophilic sides result in a
convex
124
P=
F/A
125
adding heat to endothermic shifts to
products
126
Henry hassleback equation uses log of
A-/HA
127
to find a more acidic proton look at ____ across periodic table and _____ down
inc EN inc size
128
why dont amide and carboyxlic acid form imine
COOH is too acidic
129
what solvent do u want for SN2
polar aprotic
130
inc pKa makes more or less acidic
less
131
are tosylates stable
yes
132
product of amide hydrolysis
carboxylic acid and amine
133
N/C is equal to
V/m
134
frequency =
speed of light/wavelength
135
smaller period means ____ frequency
larger
136
perchloric acid formula
HClO4
137
gas to solid
deposition
138
mroe neg reduction potntial more liekly to
reduce
139
rechargable batteries act as
galvanic cell
140
amphoteric
act as base and acid
141
what is avogadros number
6.06 x 10^23
142
red litmus paper turns blue when
with base
143
what will experience force through perpendicular magnetic field
any charged particle
144
to accelerate need
non zero net force
145
snells law
n1sintheta1= n2 sintheta2
146
gamma decay emits
high energy photon
147
as unpolarized light goes through polarizer the wavelength
gets cut in half
148
for ideal fluids how does the flow rate compare at small vs big parts
same continuity equation
149
what chloride is not soluble
silver chloride
150
ideal gas law assumptions
particles occupy negligible mass and no interactions
151
weak acid or base is best buffer where
half equivalence
152
diamagnetic is
only paired electrons
153
if have moderatly weak acid conj base is
weak
154
which has low bp carboxylic or amide
carboxylic
155
chalres law deals with
temp and volume
156
how can we make cell more pos
shift to product side
157
atoms with unpaired electrons are __
free radical
158
what can cause changes in wavelngth
loss of energy
159
what is a favored lg for SN1
tertiarary alkyl (steric hinderance)
160
capacitance equals
C= q/V
161
ventricular contractions involve
depolarization
162
if imperfect spring is energy lost
yes
163
Kb units
(°C * kg) / mol.
164
fusion is
melting
165
trigonal pyrimidal
3 bonds 1 LP
166
azimuthal quantum number tells us about
sub shell and angular momentum
167
molar solubility is
number of moles of a particular solid that dissociate in one liter of solution.
168
malanoic acid dissociates into how many particles
3
169
rate laws are
determined experimental
170
soemthing that cant be metabolized has ____ calories as a result
0
171
trend of atomic radius
decreases as go across and up
172
if 3 more hydroxyls bp would be
significantly higher
173
min velocity is
zero
174
P=
v^2/R
175
capacitors dont allow
flow through
176
current for AC
zero
177
formula for eye displacemnt
1/f= 1/d0+ 1/di
178
water density
1000kg/m^3 or 1 kg/L
179
violent wavelength
400
180
what can initiate radical
di-tert-butyl and UV
181
markinovitz rule
adds substituted side
182
which is more stable keto or enol
keto
183
what type base for E1
mild or weak
184
UV spectroscopy is used for
conjugated systems
185
strong oxidizing agents
O3 K2Cr2O7
186
low NMR values are ____ and are ___ shielded
upstream most
187
lactam structure
ring with amide
188
enamine
CC double bond with amine
189
which is more electrophilic amide or carboxylic
carboxylic
190
how do add C
gringard reagent
191
perchloric acid is a ___ acid
strong
192
bohr effect for emisions
jumping btwn different levels
193
cacl2 contains
ionic bonds
194
bronsted bases
gain protons
195
circumference formula
pi x diameter
196
electro volt is
energy required move electron through 1V
197
balk modules formula
v= sqrt(balk modules/density)
198
field line point
outwards
199
F=
ma or qE
200
inertia is equal to
MR^2
201
cos30
0.866
202
hwo do you calculate speed of light in other medium
n=c/v
203
what bends least
red longer wavelength =smaller refraction
204
right hand rule
thumb: velocity direction
palm: magnetic force
for positive
205
goign from 1dB to 10dB is a ___ increase
tenfold
206
more bending when the difference btwn index of refrqction is ____
greater
207
SN2 needs ___ alkyl and ___ nucleophile
primary, weak
208
what are optically active
enantimors
209
formula to get stero forms
2^n
210
monosub uses ___ solvent and polysub uses ___
nonpolar, polar
211
ortho is
adjacent
212
beta lactam has
significant ring strain
213
carbocation formation is
slower than acid-base
214
furan is a
heteroaromatic
215
doppler effect explains that
inc distance inc wavelength dec frequency
216
equation for E with lenght
E = (V − IR)/L
217
charged particles ___ in electrical field
accelerates
218
ejection of electrons causes
current flow
219
electron force doesnt depend on
speed
220
capacitance is proportional to ___ and inverseley to ___
area, distance btwn
221
capacitance in series
1/C1+ 1/C2.....
222
ions have a lot more mass than ___ meaning they cant ____ bc ____
electrons, respond quickly/move, inertia
223
focal length of mirror depends on
radius of curvature
224
why does light travel slower in dense medium
bc absorbed and remitted by atomic structure
225
to get to J from KeV multiply by ___
e
226
3' end is counting from
where base attached
227
Wair is prop to ___ and Wwater is ___
body density, Dif btwn body density and water
228
one sterioisomer can be preffered by using
chiral enzyme
229
resistivity is proportional to ___ which is inversily prop to ____
temp, current
230
principal quantum number tells us about ___ and orbital quantum tells us about___
energy/size of cloud, shape
231
when liquid in burret is higher it means
lower P inside
232
a reducing sugar is a
hemiacetal hemiketal
233
how can we calculate current
potential/resisitivity per length/length
234
electric field lines move from ___ to ___
positive to negative
235
axons are___ and extracellular fluid is ___
negative, neutral
236
if magnetic field is acting perp to velocity then there should be
attraction
237
if trying to find velocity with energy set equal to
1/5mv^2
238
C=
permitivity A/d
239
if want half way between 10^1 and 10^2
it is 10^1.5 which is less than "halfway"
240
proteins on surface are more or less important for structure
less
241
photon speed is
speed of light
242
Youngs stress/strain graph shows
higher slope stiffer
243
beta pos emission occurs when
proton to neutron ratio too high
244
KmnO4 does what
ox alc-> carboxylic
245
enolate can be
nuc
246
amide on nmr
5-8.5
247
ketone on nmr
2-2.6
248
if lookign see if can be oxidized look at
max ox number (number ve) see if already there
249
in ionization electrons from 4s move to
3d
250
act as strong nuc need
strong base to deprotonate
251
OH in carboxylic on ir
2500-3300
252
what is a free radical
odd number electrons
253
CO double bond on ir
1650-1800
254
ester is a
good LG (alkoxide)
255
electron withdrawing on phenol make more
acidic
256
meso compounds have
least 2 sterioisomers
257
alpha hydrogens on what are most acidic
aldehydes and ketones
258
how do you make gringard reagant
solid Mg with alkyl halide in diethyl ether
259
electron withdrawing groups make more
basic
260
polysub on phenol need
polar solvent
261
better LG means ____ reactive ____ stable
more, less
262
CrO3 is a ___ oxidizing agent
strong
263
which is more acidic carboxylic or phenol
carboxylic
264
tosyl chloride protection works when no
hydroxide
265
which is more stable acid anhydride or ester
ester
266
activation of GDP by GTP is
necessary for activation of G protein
267
lipid soluble
A D E K
268
leptin is for
weight loss
269
opsonization is
bind and recognzie antigen on surface of pathogen
270
photoreactivation does what in what
fix damage by DNA in prok
271
homologous chromosomes does it fix dan damage
yes
272
binding dec ___ makign less __
number forms, entropic
273
DNA polymerases read
both ways
274
mRNA is same sequence as
coding strand
275
neuromuscular receptors respond to
Ach
276
is it prok or euk where protein synthesis occurs before transcription complete
prok
277
virus stages lysogenic is ___ and lytic is ___
dormant, active
278
silent mutations ____ and missense mutations___
dont alter function, point Dif function
279
viruses are
acellular
280
buffers use what
weak acid or base or their salts
281
drugs need to ____ to work
cross membrane
282
cos what is 1
0
283
attenuation is
weakening of signal
284
human hearing range
20hz-20kHz
285
gluconeo in cytosol or mito
both
286
smaller Kb means ____ base and what lowers it
better, electron donating
287
amphiprotic
behave as acid or base
288
polar ocmpound on TLC
travel slower up, higher eluting strength
289
impurities do whta ot melting point
lower and broaden
290
efficiency =
work output/work input
291
furan is
aromatic
292
phosphoric acid formula
H3Po4
293
perchloric acid is
strong
294
bright part on slit diagram is and dark part is
constructive differ by wavelength, destructive differ by half wavelength
295
angle of reflection equals
angle of incidence
296
red light on visible has
lowest frequency, highest wavelength
297
Youngs experiment
diffraction when obstacles
298
TIR is when
high to low n
299
R is prop to ___ and inverse to ___
L, A
300
angular momentum =
mvR
301
HF is a ____ acid
weak
302
higher vapor pressure means _____ and so BP is ____
more in vapour phase, Lower
303
end with what n? UV = Infared = Visible =.
1, 3, 2
304
ox number lowers means
reduced
305
adding electron to become more stable is
exothermic
306
HClO4 or H3PO4 is stronger avid
perchloric
307
Faradays constant
96 500 C/ mol e-
308
images that hit retina and go beyond focal point are
real and inverted
309
virtual images are
doesn't hit retina from where appear
310
what is greatest angle of TIR
90
311
T on period of oscillation is =
2pi sqrt (m/k)
312
exergonic means ____
delta S is +
313
salt bridges are similar to
ionic bonds
314
sp is a
triple bond
315
right hand rule is for
positive charges
316
vacuum to glass what light
shortest wavelength (violet)
317
in parallel resistor voltage drop is ___ and current ____
same, different
318
sin and cos graph differ by
90
319
horizontal distance in projectile motion is dependent on
Vx and time of flight
320
resistor doesnt chnage over
time
321
sound propagation is
parallel
322
efficiency over 100 is violation of what law
1st law of thermodynamics
323
pressure is higher in ___ areas as speed is ___
larger, slower
324
Turbulent flow is
flow up down across laminar
325
Mass is less than expected of particle bc
mass defect convert to E
326
if ___ is done on ____ can move from cold to hot
work, system
327
combustion is __
exothermic
328
benzene is _____ so the heat of combustion is ___
resonance stabilized, less
329
entropy of pure crystelline substance is
zero
330
Why is water ommited in Keq
relatively constant
331
2 plates of capacitor collect
opposite charges
332
ohms law
I=V/R
333
inc index of refraction does what to shift
inc refraction shift so moves
334
Inc angle of ramp does what to normal
decreases
335
what inc osmotic pressure
more solute, temp, less water
336
weak acid=
weak conj base
337
rate in units of
M/s
338
dissociation of water is ____ so inc temp does what to pH
endothermic , dec
339
Prop
3
340
Heisburg uncertainty principle
position and momentum
341
diamagnetic
only paired
342
lower tension means what for myocradial contractile function
impairs
343
vitamin E has ____ acitvity
antioxidant
344
P=
W/t
345
if total H is same for both 2 step processes how can we tell which is thermodynamically less favorable
look at steps if one step is extremely high H in comparison less favourable
346
if both objects moving same way and same speed is there a doppler effect
no as nothing moving relative
347
when does angle of incidence = refraction
when n same
348
how to get molar solubility
ksp= x^n and x is solubility
349
C-O on IR
1000-1320
350
less electron density means on NMR
downfield shift desheilding
351
alpha partcicle has what charge
+2
352
Ka=
H+ * A-/ HA
353
ozonolysis does what
cleaves alkene or alkyne and puts carbonyl
354
frequency ____ to mass and ____ stifness
inv, prop
355
if wavelngth inc what happens to length
inc
356
Schwaan cells mylinate where
peripheral
357
0.75 specific gravity means
density 750 kg/m^3 in water
358
monohalogenation uses ___ solvent
non polar
359
why is something not on IR
symmetric
360
anomers
differ at anomeric
361
epimers
differ at single C not anomeric one
362
sucrose connection
alpha 1-4
363
E2 wants ____ solvent and ____ base
polar protic, strong
364
dodec means
12
365
diasteriomers have _____ physical properties and _____ solutbility/mp
Dif, sim
366
what are labile H
dont show up on NMR ones on amine
367
ampere =
C/s
368
if magnetic field changes what happens
counteract what happens
369
kx=
ma
370
W=fd only when
perpendicular
371
rate 2/rate 1=
sqrt(T1/T2)
372
what does d2sp3 mean
d lower principle quantum #
373
if wavelength changes get ____ image
unfocused
374
max entropy in isolated when
performing no work, at equilibrium
375
if electrons same number how tell which smaller
more protons
376
if all else same and isomers which has highest BP
least branched
377
TLC is only for
analysis not separation
378
acid catalyzed amide hydrolysis produces
carboxylic acid
379
specific rotation=
observed rotation/ (path length * conc)
380
are single or multiple extractions more effective
multiple
381
dehydration involves
carbocation
382
what emerges first in gas liquid chromatography
least polar = most volatile
383
SN2 causes
inversion
384
n=
c/v
385
1 volt =
J/C
386
example of intermolecular covalent bonds
disulphide
387
what is less likely dissociate
negative charge
388
if there is common ion in solution
reduce solubility
389
beta decay emits
electron or positron
