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Emily's MCAT Deck > PSYCH/SOC > Flashcards

PSYCH/SOC Flashcards

1
Q

what intelligence deteriorates with old age

A

fluid intelligence

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2
Q

What is DNA methylation and what causes it

A

epigenetic modification in response to environmental stimuli

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3
Q

If a compound produces action potentials at a greater rate is it a antagonist or agonist for activity receptors

A

agonist for activity

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4
Q

Is cortisol a tropic hormone

A

no direct

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5
Q

Where is broca’s area and what is it responsible for

A

left hemisphere

speech production

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6
Q

what is the ventral tegmental area part of and what is it responsibel for

A

limbic system (reward and goal seeking)

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7
Q

if someone is highly stressed and has impaired performance would physiological improve or impair

A

impair once negative keeps negative

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8
Q

If a group maintains irrational beliefs what is this example of

A

group think

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9
Q

What is disoriented attachment

A

caregiver frequently neglects or abuses

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10
Q

What does invisibel gorila experiment show

A

inattentional blindness

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11
Q

What is first step in Broadbent’s filter model of attention

A

processing of stimuli

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12
Q

What is the cocktail party effect

A

when we attend specific stimuli in complex, distracting contacts

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13
Q

A person dreams about forgeting shoes for a test what is the manifest content and latent?

A

manifest forgetting shoes

latent text anxiety

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14
Q

What is operationalization

A

Operationalization is the process of defining how a particular variable will be measured

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15
Q

what is feminist theory

A

feminist would seek equal rights and benefits for both genders

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16
Q

order of Piaget’s stages

A

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal

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17
Q

which theories of emotion does a physiological response precede an emotional response?

A

James-Lange and Schachter-Singer

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18
Q

Someone decides something is dangerous they then thnk how to cope is it secondary or primary appraisal

A

secondary

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19
Q

are general or specific attitudes more likely to predict specific actions

A

specific

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20
Q

what causes socioeconomic status and is it socialization factor

A

environment created by specific groups. No

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21
Q

what does conflict theory focus on

A

resources

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22
Q

What is resocialization

A

replacing behaviours with new as enter new life phase

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23
Q

According to social facilitation would a person just learning to play an instrument preform better alone or in public

A

alone

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24
Q

How should the initial aquisition phase be in learning

A

frequent rewards then fewer later

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25
Q

What is latent learning

A

familiar with something and can recall in situation familiar

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26
Q

What are tokens used for

A

Tokens are secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for primary reinforcers

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27
Q

What does priming deal with

A

Recall memory

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28
Q

Is short term memory the shortest duration of memory

A

No sensory is even shorter

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29
Q

a study that involves ranking order of favorite cereal is

A

subjective and quantitative

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30
Q

If predicting outside study what type of validity do you need

A

generalizibilty (external)

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31
Q

What is criterion validity

A

the extent to which a test correlates with an established “criterion” or existing measure.

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32
Q

The low levels of error and high amount of trials make an experiment more __

A

precise

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33
Q

What do all subjective forms of data collection have in common

A

all subject to bias

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34
Q

What channels open during depolarization

A

Na

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35
Q

what parts of nervous system for vision

A

lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus

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36
Q

what parts of nervous system are part of limbic system

A

hippocampus and amygdala part of llimbic system

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37
Q

What is the term to describe specific idea about self

A

self schema

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38
Q

what did the internet do to pop culture

A

it disrupted mass media’s control over pop culture

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39
Q

What is cultural diffusion

A

spreading of cultural things to different cultures

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40
Q

what type of testing do you use for different intensities

A

psychophysical

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41
Q

what are 2 subtypes of mechanoreceptors

A

proprioceptors and baroreceptors

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42
Q

what represents 2 point threshold

A

homunculus

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43
Q

bipolar cells play a role in

A

the visual pathway

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44
Q

what is symbolic interactionism

A

perceptions based on interactions

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45
Q

what is main difference bewteen prejudice and discrimination

A

prejudice is attitude and discrimination is act

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46
Q

what is informational influence

A

accepting infor from others as reality

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47
Q

new ideas can be described as ___ ideas

A

minority

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48
Q

meritocracy

A

rewarded on talent skill

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49
Q

is descrimination a behavior

A

yes

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50
Q

what are some thigns someone could note about a speaker on peripheral processing level

A

humar attractiveness general impression s

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51
Q

somethign that is muscle memory is

A

autonomic

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52
Q

what are the waves on brain when relaxed

A

alpha

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53
Q

what are 2 subtypes of sensory memory

A

iconic-visual

echoic- sensory

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54
Q

what is a latent fucntion

A

unintended consequences

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55
Q

what does meritochrocy reward one based on

A

rewarded on skill talent hard work

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56
Q

what age corresponds with sensorimotor

A

0-2

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57
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes

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58
Q

how can one resolve cognitive dissonance

A

by changing thoughts

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59
Q

a food cravign can be explained by what

A

drive reduction

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60
Q

cognitive theory focuses on what

A

mental/thoguths

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61
Q

incentive theory motivation is due to…

A

acquired things

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62
Q

somethign that is done because of intrinsic factors is somethign that is often

A

rewarding enjoyable

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63
Q

kelley covariation model outlines what taht helps make attributions

A

distinctiveness, concensus, consistancy

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64
Q

gender is learned through

A

socialization

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65
Q

repression

A

suppressing thought or memory

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66
Q

just world phenomenon

A

is that world is fair and people get what want

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67
Q

what is best way to encode info

A

learn spaced out

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68
Q

what is relationship between conformity and peer pressure

A

conformity then peer pressure

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69
Q

what is long term polarization

A

strengthening, high frequency

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70
Q

what is socail loafing

A

put less effort when in group

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71
Q

what does heroin withdrawl do

A

underproducing of endorphins

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72
Q

amygldala is involved in

A

fight or flight

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73
Q

cannon bard

A

physiological arousal and emotion are seperate

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74
Q

symbolic play is ages

A

2-7

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75
Q

functionalist theory of social stratification is based on what

A

need

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76
Q

health behaviours are

A

mores

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77
Q

kinship by affinity is relation by…

A

choice

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78
Q

harry harlow exxperiment found what couldnt be corrected

A

monkey abnormal behavior

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79
Q

anomie

A

feelign fragmented lacking cohesiveness

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80
Q

internal validity is degree to which we can…

A

make conclusions

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81
Q

negativity bias

A

negative forced not good

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82
Q

65 or older what is erikson conflict

A

ego integrity vs dispar

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83
Q

impression management controls

A

ideas about self

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84
Q

grief stages

A

denial, anger, bargining, depression acceptance

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85
Q

in operant conditioning when is reward presented

A

when get response want

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86
Q

positive sanction is

A

something rewarding

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87
Q

social cognitive learn by

A

watching others

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88
Q

house money affect

A

after prior gains more risk as money not own

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89
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

persons behavior influences and is influenced by enviro and personal factors

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90
Q

what is soemthign similar with id ego and superego

A

all stem from unconscious

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91
Q

havign theory of mind is

A

thinking about what others are thinking and their intentions

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92
Q

what is a vicarious punsihment

A

feeling punished from watchigfn others

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93
Q

what cells make up auditory

A

bipolar and unipolar

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94
Q

what does vestibualr membrane percieve

A

motion and detects acceleration

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95
Q

percieving difference btwn stimuli is

A

discrimination

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96
Q

James lange

A

emotion occurs as result of physiological response

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97
Q

something that is a fixed ratio is reward after what

A

constant number of responses

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98
Q

what are the 2 types of memory interference

A

retroactive and proactive

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99
Q

what happens at optic chiasm

A

optic fibres from nasal side cross over

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100
Q

to produce quick large number repsonses what reinforcement scheudel is best

A

variable ratio

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101
Q

which sense never passes through thalmus

A

smell

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102
Q

fluid intelegince

A

arriving at solution with no outside knowledge

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103
Q

what is a monocular cue example

A

relative size

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104
Q

mingaurds control

A

group thoughts

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105
Q

ethnocentrism is judgign based on

A

own beliefs

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106
Q

bottom up method is __ driven and for unknown/known

A

fact driven, unknown

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107
Q

what spot in brain is first invovled in sight

A

lateral genticule nucleus

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108
Q

what is normative conformity

A

desire to be liked

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109
Q

what do stimulants do

A

release, reduce effects, prevent reabsorption of neurotransmitters

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110
Q

social solidarity involves

A

division of labor

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111
Q

self actualization is

A

reaching full potential

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112
Q

people are stigmitized for

A

behaviours

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113
Q

chnage btwn 2 generations is

A

intergenerational

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114
Q

self serving

A

attribute good to internal and bad external factors

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115
Q

compliance

A

in similar groups

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116
Q

ecological validity

A

how relevant wtiht environemtnal considerations in real world

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117
Q

Rorschach inkblot test for what personality

A

subjective and projective

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118
Q

differntial attribution theory

A

people do things bc exposed to them

119
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

loss of speech comp

120
Q

what type of equality is invovled in meritrocracy

A

opportunity

121
Q

basis of power model would say soemoen influnnced by

A

referent power

122
Q

cannon bard

A

stimulus then physiological and emotion together

123
Q

relative refractory stage

A

Na de-inactviated K activated channels

124
Q

estrogen does what

A

inhibits boen reabsorption

125
Q

general adaption syndrome phases

A

alarm resistance exhaustion

126
Q

valence

A

value of reinforcement or rewards

127
Q

drive reduction

A

motivation on body homeostasis

128
Q

attitude aspects

A

ABC (affective, behavioural, cognitive)

129
Q

inititive vs guilt what life stage

A

3-6

130
Q

freud displacement is

A

taking stress out on someone else

131
Q

big five personality pnemonic

A

OCEAN

132
Q

antisocial personality

A

lack of remorse and empathy

133
Q

methamphetamine

A

irritability aggression

134
Q

negative symptoms

A

lack or absence from baseline

135
Q

somatic disorders

A

physical symptoms no physical cause

136
Q

medicalization

A

viewed as medical condition but could be trait or habit

137
Q

learning theory

A

learn through operant conditioning

138
Q

what isnt component of self image

A

permanent self

139
Q

compelling to follow social order is what stage

A

obedience and punishment

140
Q

false consiuousness is

A

dominating consciousness perpetuates explosion

141
Q

what is normative organization

A

one where volunteer

142
Q

parts of self discrepency

A

actual ideal and ought self

143
Q

a master status can be both

A

achieved and ascribed

144
Q

when is education important for kids in demographic transition

A

when brith rate falling

145
Q

what is class counciousness

A

acknowledging current place in societal class

146
Q

an ecological study pertains to

A

specific geographic location

147
Q

behavior is determined by

A

cardinal traits

148
Q

what do we want to try to get rid of in experiments

A

confounding variables

149
Q

___ is a gender charcteristic ___ is not

A

sex, education

150
Q

aligning actions means

A

presenting actions which seem favourable

151
Q

self efficiency

A

degree which accomplish or take action to meet goals

152
Q

dramatugical approach is

A

front and back stage self

153
Q

sucking up is

A

Ingratiation

154
Q

high or low slef efficiency can go with both

A

internal and external self esteem

155
Q

what is example of ascribed status

A

caste

156
Q

what is not part of ideal burocracy

A

informal rules

157
Q

what is cognitive dissonance theory

A

consistency with beliefs and values

158
Q

teamates are part of what group

A

primary

159
Q

shacter singer theory

A

SS theroy event-> arousal-> reasoning-> emotion

160
Q

what causes decreased immune repsonse

A

overproduction of cortisol

161
Q

there are ___ amygdalas located in ___ lobe

A

2, temporal

162
Q

recqalling similar words is process of

A

spreading activation

163
Q

serial position theory is that

A

recall at beg and end but process can be Dif

164
Q

proactive interference deals with ___. memory

A

old

165
Q

confirmation bias people try to ….

A

find evidence and interpret things want to see often with difficult subjects eg. abuse

166
Q

gardners eight intellugences explains

A

dissociation in abilities

167
Q

mead deals with

A

I and me

I being autonomous

168
Q

unconditioned response is _____ that occurs during ____

A

physiological response, original event

169
Q

variable ratio means

A

after different number of responses

170
Q

training is considered ____ memory

A

working

171
Q

fight or flight inc

A

glucose

172
Q

classical conditioning involves

A

neutral stimulus to conditioned

173
Q

fundamental attribution

A

blame people

174
Q

just world hypothesis supports

A

karma

175
Q

game theory can there be mutliple strategies

A

yes as long as cost benefit

176
Q

secondary reinforcers have to be associated with ___ and not ___

A

good, direct

177
Q

recallign trauma is

A

cognitive component

178
Q

social stratification is grouping based on

A

similar class, age

179
Q

heuristics are used to

A

evaluate

180
Q

hiccocampus is for

A

long term memory

181
Q

opponent process accounts for

A

destruction eg. substance abuse

182
Q

semantic accounst for

A

facts and beliefs

183
Q

korskaoff is ___ defieciency and can cause

A

thiamine, retrograde and and intrograde amnesia

184
Q

what does one need in zone of proximal development

A

expert help

185
Q

halo effect

A

global characteristic cause personality trait (saying attractive so good worker)

186
Q

what is best for fast nonlongterm results (reinforcemnt)

A

continuous

187
Q

attribution explains

A

behavior

188
Q

multitasking works when

A

have more attention than combined tasks need

189
Q

habituation is ___ and not ___

A

sensation, non associative

190
Q

represenative heuristic is

A

predicting events based on previous outcomes

191
Q

heuristics lead to

A

cognitive bias

192
Q

email is ___ communication not ____

A

written, nonverbal

193
Q

differences btwn bipolar 1 and 2

A

bipolar 2 less mania and depressive episodes

194
Q

hypothalamus is for

A

homeostatic behaviour

195
Q

cocaine inc what

A

metabolism

196
Q

nt arent where

A

gap junctions

197
Q

as get older childhood memories reduce

A

retention

198
Q

popculture is

A

socialization

199
Q

stress effects what

A

memory

200
Q

religiousity helps

A

better accept things

201
Q

phenomenological study focuses on

A

subjective elements (perspectives)

202
Q

cognitive disortion

A

conceive true when false

203
Q

self concept

A

beliefs about oneself

204
Q

lookimg glass self

A

self shaping based on understanding of how others percieve

205
Q

gender schema

A

how acquire and understand gender

206
Q

stanley milgram examined

A

obedience to authority

207
Q

central processing considers

A

merits

208
Q

whats easier measure absolute or relative

A

absolute

209
Q

Roger focused on

A

humanism

210
Q

expectancy theory

A

make conscious choices for pleasure

211
Q

belief in inherent morality is

A

belief right ignoring consequences

212
Q

broadening scope of study does what to statistical significance

A

decreases

213
Q

norepinephrine for what

A

sympathetic

214
Q

is it fine to give harmful things to healthy people in research

A

if consentual yes

215
Q

behaviorist theory is that behavior ____ person ___

A

alone no interactions, Skinner

216
Q

meissner corpuscles are

A

mechanoreceptors

217
Q

late stage syphilis causes

A

general paresis (paralytic dementia)

218
Q

paired t test when

A

data from same group

219
Q

affect heuristicc

A

decisions based on emotions

220
Q

context effect

A

similar environment

221
Q

false alarm

A

recall something not on list

222
Q

social cognitive theory based on

A

expectations

223
Q

stimulus motives are

A

innate but not necessary for survival

224
Q

informative pressure is subtype of ___ that pertains to

A

conformity, groups who are better informed

225
Q

limbic system is for

A

emotion

226
Q

overcoming fear is

A

self efficiency

227
Q

extinction is having _____ to _____

A

conditioned to neutral

228
Q

concrete stage what age and what is characteristic

A

7-11, understanding perspectives

229
Q

social constructionsim

A

meaning and value

230
Q

somnambulism is

A

sleepwalking

231
Q

Triesman attention model is that stimulus can be

A

weakened until further

232
Q

what stimulus is sensed by sensory receptors

A

proximal

233
Q

Life course theory of disease is

A

holistic

234
Q

residence in childhood is ___ memory

A

episodic

235
Q

incentive theory focuses on

A

factors outside individual that motivate

236
Q

cultural capital is

A

knowledge, skills used to make distinctions in capital

237
Q

do true meritochrocies exist

A

no

238
Q

oligocharchy

A

ruled by few people

239
Q

borderline personality disorder types

A

narsacistic histrionic and antisocial

240
Q

state religions dont involve

A

laws with religion

241
Q

spreading activation is

A

unconscious

242
Q

do u have to resolve Erickson stages to move on

A

no

243
Q

spatial inequality

A

unequal distribution of resources

244
Q

self efficiency

A

sense of competence

245
Q

anhedonia is

A

lack of pressure characteristic of major depressive

246
Q

self monitoring is

A

long term strategy of self reflection

247
Q

Normative organization invovle

A

volunteer

248
Q

sublimation

A

channelling unacceptable energy to do somethign acceptable

249
Q

Narcasstic is

A

seek admiration

250
Q

Freud deals with and which is in all 3

A

unconscious, precocious, conscious (ego)

251
Q

Characteristic of Histrionic personality disorder

A

seductive

252
Q

Asian culture emphasize

A

group

253
Q

dopamine for

A

reward

254
Q

Prescriptive is ____ and descriptive is ___

A

beliefs what should occur, beliefs what actually occurring

255
Q

anomie

A

breakdown btwn individual and cultural norms leading in alienation

256
Q

primary groups are

A

stable long lasting

257
Q

social construction theory

A

something constructed from culture or subculture not universal

258
Q

Group polarization invovles

A

making more extreme decisions

259
Q

Cerebellum for

A

motor functions

260
Q

social constructionism is

A

shared assumptions that make society

261
Q

ethnic enclave has

A

high immigration

262
Q

behaviors that are adapted by groups are

A

consistent with community values

263
Q

superego

A

moral (right vs wrong)

264
Q

what type of gov is ruled by wealthy

A

plutocracy

265
Q

delusions are

A

beliefs maintained despite facts against

266
Q

Piaget didnt deal with ___ in his experiments

A

external factors

267
Q

Baddeley’s model working memory includes

A

sketchpad and phonological loop

268
Q

Chunking rehersal is for what memory

A

short term

269
Q

people that are intrinsically motivated dont need

A

reinforcement

270
Q

teacher expectancy theory

A

acts in accordance with teachers expectation

271
Q

social statics are

A

how order maintained

272
Q

Pre conventional deals with ____ and post deals with ____

A

avoid consequences, fairness/rights

273
Q

social control is

A

way society prevent deviant behaviour

274
Q

social mobility btwn generations is

A

intergenerational

275
Q

classical conditioning doesnt invovle

A

punishment or reward

276
Q

diffusion is ______ and transmission is _____

A

across groups, within

277
Q

conflict theory says ___ is a substructure and everythign else is a ___

A

economy, superstructure

278
Q

less recpetors means

A

harder get response

279
Q

when will infant attach to anyone

A

first 3 months

280
Q

alfred adler deals with

A

inferiority complex

281
Q

primacy is

A

better memory of things at beginning

282
Q

state dependence

A

conditions of where encoded memory similar to where recalling inc recall

283
Q

classical condition pertains to what theory

A

behaviorist

284
Q

signaling stimuli is

A

neutral to conditioned

285
Q

positive punisher

A

decrease frequency of something bc of adding something

286
Q

somatic nervous system for

A

sensory and motor control

287
Q

briefest type of memory

A

sensory

288
Q

magic number for sensory memory capacity

A

7 +/- 2

289
Q

social support is ___ not ___

A

relationships not activities

290
Q

what stage is erikson age 40-65

A

generatively vs stagnation

291
Q

actor observer bias attribution

A

actor situational and observer dispositional (internal)

292
Q

what type of activation of receptors in ear

A

mechanical

293
Q

why do researcher exclude people

A

skew results result in extremes

294
Q

the fovea has ____ and retina ___

A

cones, rods (dim)

Emily's MCAT Deck (3 decks)

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