PSYCH/SOC Flashcards
(294 cards)
1
Q
what intelligence deteriorates with old age
A
fluid intelligence
2
Q
What is DNA methylation and what causes it
A
epigenetic modification in response to environmental stimuli
3
Q
If a compound produces action potentials at a greater rate is it a antagonist or agonist for activity receptors
A
agonist for activity
4
Q
Is cortisol a tropic hormone
A
no direct
5
Q
Where is broca’s area and what is it responsible for
A
left hemisphere
speech production
6
Q
what is the ventral tegmental area part of and what is it responsibel for
A
limbic system (reward and goal seeking)
7
Q
if someone is highly stressed and has impaired performance would physiological improve or impair
A
impair once negative keeps negative
8
Q
If a group maintains irrational beliefs what is this example of
A
group think
9
Q
What is disoriented attachment
A
caregiver frequently neglects or abuses
10
Q
What does invisibel gorila experiment show
A
inattentional blindness
11
Q
What is first step in Broadbent’s filter model of attention
A
processing of stimuli
12
Q
What is the cocktail party effect
A
when we attend specific stimuli in complex, distracting contacts
13
Q
A person dreams about forgeting shoes for a test what is the manifest content and latent?
A
manifest forgetting shoes
latent text anxiety
14
Q
What is operationalization
A
Operationalization is the process of defining how a particular variable will be measured
15
Q
what is feminist theory
A
feminist would seek equal rights and benefits for both genders
16
Q
order of Piaget’s stages
A
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal
17
Q
which theories of emotion does a physiological response precede an emotional response?
A
James-Lange and Schachter-Singer
18
Q
Someone decides something is dangerous they then thnk how to cope is it secondary or primary appraisal
A
secondary
19
Q
are general or specific attitudes more likely to predict specific actions
A
specific
20
Q
what causes socioeconomic status and is it socialization factor
A
environment created by specific groups. No
21
Q
what does conflict theory focus on
A
resources
22
Q
What is resocialization
A
replacing behaviours with new as enter new life phase
23
Q
According to social facilitation would a person just learning to play an instrument preform better alone or in public
A
alone
24
Q
How should the initial aquisition phase be in learning
A
frequent rewards then fewer later
25
What is latent learning
familiar with something and can recall in situation familiar
26
What are tokens used for
Tokens are secondary reinforcers that can be exchanged for primary reinforcers
27
What does priming deal with
Recall memory
28
Is short term memory the shortest duration of memory
No sensory is even shorter
29
a study that involves ranking order of favorite cereal is
subjective and quantitative
30
If predicting outside study what type of validity do you need
generalizibilty (external)
31
What is criterion validity
the extent to which a test correlates with an established “criterion” or existing measure.
32
The low levels of error and high amount of trials make an experiment more __
precise
33
What do all subjective forms of data collection have in common
all subject to bias
34
What channels open during depolarization
Na
35
what parts of nervous system for vision
lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus
36
what parts of nervous system are part of limbic system
hippocampus and amygdala part of llimbic system
37
What is the term to describe specific idea about self
self schema
38
what did the internet do to pop culture
it disrupted mass media's control over pop culture
39
What is cultural diffusion
spreading of cultural things to different cultures
40
what type of testing do you use for different intensities
psychophysical
41
what are 2 subtypes of mechanoreceptors
proprioceptors and baroreceptors
42
what represents 2 point threshold
homunculus
43
bipolar cells play a role in
the visual pathway
44
what is symbolic interactionism
perceptions based on interactions
45
what is main difference bewteen prejudice and discrimination
prejudice is attitude and discrimination is act
46
what is informational influence
accepting infor from others as reality
47
new ideas can be described as ___ ideas
minority
48
meritocracy
rewarded on talent skill
49
is descrimination a behavior
yes
50
what are some thigns someone could note about a speaker on peripheral processing level
humar attractiveness general impression s
51
somethign that is muscle memory is
autonomic
52
what are the waves on brain when relaxed
alpha
53
what are 2 subtypes of sensory memory
iconic-visual
| echoic- sensory
54
what is a latent fucntion
unintended consequences
55
what does meritochrocy reward one based on
rewarded on skill talent hard work
56
what age corresponds with sensorimotor
0-2
57
what is cognitive dissonance
the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes
58
how can one resolve cognitive dissonance
by changing thoughts
59
a food cravign can be explained by what
drive reduction
60
cognitive theory focuses on what
mental/thoguths
61
incentive theory motivation is due to...
acquired things
62
somethign that is done because of intrinsic factors is somethign that is often
rewarding enjoyable
63
kelley covariation model outlines what taht helps make attributions
distinctiveness, concensus, consistancy
64
gender is learned through
socialization
65
repression
suppressing thought or memory
66
just world phenomenon
is that world is fair and people get what want
67
what is best way to encode info
learn spaced out
68
what is relationship between conformity and peer pressure
conformity then peer pressure
69
what is long term polarization
strengthening, high frequency
70
what is socail loafing
put less effort when in group
71
what does heroin withdrawl do
underproducing of endorphins
72
amygldala is involved in
fight or flight
73
cannon bard
physiological arousal and emotion are seperate
74
symbolic play is ages
2-7
75
functionalist theory of social stratification is based on what
need
76
health behaviours are
mores
77
kinship by affinity is relation by...
choice
78
harry harlow exxperiment found what couldnt be corrected
monkey abnormal behavior
79
anomie
feelign fragmented lacking cohesiveness
80
internal validity is degree to which we can...
make conclusions
81
negativity bias
negative forced not good
82
65 or older what is erikson conflict
ego integrity vs dispar
83
impression management controls
ideas about self
84
grief stages
denial, anger, bargining, depression acceptance
85
in operant conditioning when is reward presented
when get response want
86
positive sanction is
something rewarding
87
social cognitive learn by
watching others
88
house money affect
after prior gains more risk as money not own
89
reciprocal determinism
persons behavior influences and is influenced by enviro and personal factors
90
what is soemthign similar with id ego and superego
all stem from unconscious
91
havign theory of mind is
thinking about what others are thinking and their intentions
92
what is a vicarious punsihment
feeling punished from watchigfn others
93
what cells make up auditory
bipolar and unipolar
94
what does vestibualr membrane percieve
motion and detects acceleration
95
percieving difference btwn stimuli is
discrimination
96
James lange
emotion occurs as result of physiological response
97
something that is a fixed ratio is reward after what
constant number of responses
98
what are the 2 types of memory interference
retroactive and proactive
99
what happens at optic chiasm
optic fibres from nasal side cross over
100
to produce quick large number repsonses what reinforcement scheudel is best
variable ratio
101
which sense never passes through thalmus
smell
102
fluid intelegince
arriving at solution with no outside knowledge
103
what is a monocular cue example
relative size
104
mingaurds control
group thoughts
105
ethnocentrism is judgign based on
own beliefs
106
bottom up method is __ driven and for unknown/known
fact driven, unknown
107
what spot in brain is first invovled in sight
lateral genticule nucleus
108
what is normative conformity
desire to be liked
109
what do stimulants do
release, reduce effects, prevent reabsorption of neurotransmitters
110
social solidarity involves
division of labor
111
self actualization is
reaching full potential
112
people are stigmitized for
behaviours
113
chnage btwn 2 generations is
intergenerational
114
self serving
attribute good to internal and bad external factors
115
compliance
in similar groups
116
ecological validity
how relevant wtiht environemtnal considerations in real world
117
Rorschach inkblot test for what personality
subjective and projective
118
differntial attribution theory
people do things bc exposed to them
119
Wernicke’s aphasia
loss of speech comp
120
what type of equality is invovled in meritrocracy
opportunity
121
basis of power model would say soemoen influnnced by
referent power
122
cannon bard
stimulus then physiological and emotion together
123
relative refractory stage
Na de-inactviated K activated channels
124
estrogen does what
inhibits boen reabsorption
125
general adaption syndrome phases
alarm resistance exhaustion
126
valence
value of reinforcement or rewards
127
drive reduction
motivation on body homeostasis
128
attitude aspects
ABC (affective, behavioural, cognitive)
129
inititive vs guilt what life stage
3-6
130
freud displacement is
taking stress out on someone else
131
big five personality pnemonic
OCEAN
132
antisocial personality
lack of remorse and empathy
133
methamphetamine
irritability aggression
134
negative symptoms
lack or absence from baseline
135
somatic disorders
physical symptoms no physical cause
136
medicalization
viewed as medical condition but could be trait or habit
137
learning theory
learn through operant conditioning
138
what isnt component of self image
permanent self
139
compelling to follow social order is what stage
obedience and punishment
140
false consiuousness is
dominating consciousness perpetuates explosion
141
what is normative organization
one where volunteer
142
parts of self discrepency
actual ideal and ought self
143
a master status can be both
achieved and ascribed
144
when is education important for kids in demographic transition
when brith rate falling
145
what is class counciousness
acknowledging current place in societal class
146
an ecological study pertains to
specific geographic location
147
behavior is determined by
cardinal traits
148
what do we want to try to get rid of in experiments
confounding variables
149
___ is a gender charcteristic ___ is not
sex, education
150
aligning actions means
presenting actions which seem favourable
151
self efficiency
degree which accomplish or take action to meet goals
152
dramatugical approach is
front and back stage self
153
sucking up is
Ingratiation
154
high or low slef efficiency can go with both
internal and external self esteem
155
what is example of ascribed status
caste
156
what is not part of ideal burocracy
informal rules
157
what is cognitive dissonance theory
consistency with beliefs and values
158
teamates are part of what group
primary
159
shacter singer theory
SS theroy event-> arousal-> reasoning-> emotion
160
what causes decreased immune repsonse
overproduction of cortisol
161
there are ___ amygdalas located in ___ lobe
2, temporal
162
recqalling similar words is process of
spreading activation
163
serial position theory is that
recall at beg and end but process can be Dif
164
proactive interference deals with ___. memory
old
165
confirmation bias people try to ....
find evidence and interpret things want to see often with difficult subjects eg. abuse
166
gardners eight intellugences explains
dissociation in abilities
167
mead deals with
I and me
| I being autonomous
168
unconditioned response is _____ that occurs during ____
physiological response, original event
169
variable ratio means
after different number of responses
170
training is considered ____ memory
working
171
fight or flight inc
glucose
172
classical conditioning involves
neutral stimulus to conditioned
173
fundamental attribution
blame people
174
just world hypothesis supports
karma
175
game theory can there be mutliple strategies
yes as long as cost benefit
176
secondary reinforcers have to be associated with ___ and not ___
good, direct
177
recallign trauma is
cognitive component
178
social stratification is grouping based on
similar class, age
179
heuristics are used to
evaluate
180
hiccocampus is for
long term memory
181
opponent process accounts for
destruction eg. substance abuse
182
semantic accounst for
facts and beliefs
183
korskaoff is ___ defieciency and can cause
thiamine, retrograde and and intrograde amnesia
184
what does one need in zone of proximal development
expert help
185
halo effect
global characteristic cause personality trait (saying attractive so good worker)
186
what is best for fast nonlongterm results (reinforcemnt)
continuous
187
attribution explains
behavior
188
multitasking works when
have more attention than combined tasks need
189
habituation is ___ and not ___
sensation, non associative
190
represenative heuristic is
predicting events based on previous outcomes
191
heuristics lead to
cognitive bias
192
email is ___ communication not ____
written, nonverbal
193
differences btwn bipolar 1 and 2
bipolar 2 less mania and depressive episodes
194
hypothalamus is for
homeostatic behaviour
195
cocaine inc what
metabolism
196
nt arent where
gap junctions
197
as get older childhood memories reduce
retention
198
popculture is
socialization
199
stress effects what
memory
200
religiousity helps
better accept things
201
phenomenological study focuses on
subjective elements (perspectives)
202
cognitive disortion
conceive true when false
203
self concept
beliefs about oneself
204
lookimg glass self
self shaping based on understanding of how others percieve
205
gender schema
how acquire and understand gender
206
stanley milgram examined
obedience to authority
207
central processing considers
merits
208
whats easier measure absolute or relative
absolute
209
Roger focused on
humanism
210
expectancy theory
make conscious choices for pleasure
211
belief in inherent morality is
belief right ignoring consequences
212
broadening scope of study does what to statistical significance
decreases
213
norepinephrine for what
sympathetic
214
is it fine to give harmful things to healthy people in research
if consentual yes
215
behaviorist theory is that behavior ____ person ___
alone no interactions, Skinner
216
meissner corpuscles are
mechanoreceptors
217
late stage syphilis causes
general paresis (paralytic dementia)
218
paired t test when
data from same group
219
affect heuristicc
decisions based on emotions
220
context effect
similar environment
221
false alarm
recall something not on list
222
social cognitive theory based on
expectations
223
stimulus motives are
innate but not necessary for survival
224
informative pressure is subtype of ___ that pertains to
conformity, groups who are better informed
225
limbic system is for
emotion
226
overcoming fear is
self efficiency
227
extinction is having _____ to _____
conditioned to neutral
228
concrete stage what age and what is characteristic
7-11, understanding perspectives
229
social constructionsim
meaning and value
230
somnambulism is
sleepwalking
231
Triesman attention model is that stimulus can be
weakened until further
232
what stimulus is sensed by sensory receptors
proximal
233
Life course theory of disease is
holistic
234
residence in childhood is ___ memory
episodic
235
incentive theory focuses on
factors outside individual that motivate
236
cultural capital is
knowledge, skills used to make distinctions in capital
237
do true meritochrocies exist
no
238
oligocharchy
ruled by few people
239
borderline personality disorder types
narsacistic histrionic and antisocial
240
state religions dont involve
laws with religion
241
spreading activation is
unconscious
242
do u have to resolve Erickson stages to move on
no
243
spatial inequality
unequal distribution of resources
244
self efficiency
sense of competence
245
anhedonia is
lack of pressure characteristic of major depressive
246
self monitoring is
long term strategy of self reflection
247
Normative organization invovle
volunteer
248
sublimation
channelling unacceptable energy to do somethign acceptable
249
Narcasstic is
seek admiration
250
Freud deals with and which is in all 3
unconscious, precocious, conscious (ego)
251
Characteristic of Histrionic personality disorder
seductive
252
Asian culture emphasize
group
253
dopamine for
reward
254
Prescriptive is ____ and descriptive is ___
beliefs what should occur, beliefs what actually occurring
255
anomie
breakdown btwn individual and cultural norms leading in alienation
256
primary groups are
stable long lasting
257
social construction theory
something constructed from culture or subculture not universal
258
Group polarization invovles
making more extreme decisions
259
Cerebellum for
motor functions
260
social constructionism is
shared assumptions that make society
261
ethnic enclave has
high immigration
262
behaviors that are adapted by groups are
consistent with community values
263
superego
moral (right vs wrong)
264
what type of gov is ruled by wealthy
plutocracy
265
delusions are
beliefs maintained despite facts against
266
Piaget didnt deal with ___ in his experiments
external factors
267
Baddeley’s model working memory includes
sketchpad and phonological loop
268
Chunking rehersal is for what memory
short term
269
people that are intrinsically motivated dont need
reinforcement
270
teacher expectancy theory
acts in accordance with teachers expectation
271
social statics are
how order maintained
272
Pre conventional deals with ____ and post deals with ____
avoid consequences, fairness/rights
273
social control is
way society prevent deviant behaviour
274
social mobility btwn generations is
intergenerational
275
classical conditioning doesnt invovle
punishment or reward
276
diffusion is ______ and transmission is _____
across groups, within
277
conflict theory says ___ is a substructure and everythign else is a ___
economy, superstructure
278
less recpetors means
harder get response
279
when will infant attach to anyone
first 3 months
280
alfred adler deals with
inferiority complex
281
primacy is
better memory of things at beginning
282
state dependence
conditions of where encoded memory similar to where recalling inc recall
283
classical condition pertains to what theory
behaviorist
284
signaling stimuli is
neutral to conditioned
285
positive punisher
decrease frequency of something bc of adding something
286
somatic nervous system for
sensory and motor control
287
briefest type of memory
sensory
288
magic number for sensory memory capacity
7 +/- 2
289
social support is ___ not ___
relationships not activities
290
what stage is erikson age 40-65
generatively vs stagnation
291
actor observer bias attribution
actor situational and observer dispositional (internal)
292
what type of activation of receptors in ear
mechanical
293
why do researcher exclude people
skew results result in extremes
294
the fovea has ____ and retina ___
cones, rods (dim)
