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MTAP 2 - CC1 Carbohydrates > Chemical and Enzymatic Methods > Flashcards

Chemical and Enzymatic Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Methods include:

A
  1. ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHOD
  2. ALKALINE FERRIC REDUCTION METHOD / HAGEDORN JENSEN
  3. CONDENSATION METHOD
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2
Q

ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHOD includes:

A

FOLIN WU
NELSON SOMOGYI
NEOCUPROINE
BENEDICT’S

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3
Q

Reduce cupric ion to cuprous ion by the action of a reducing substance such as glucose

A

ALKALINE COPPER REDUCTION METHOD

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4
Q

Cu2+ + phosphomolybdic acid → phosphomolybdenum (blue)

A

FOLIN WU

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5
Q

Cu2+ + arsenomolybdic acid → phosphomolybdenum (blue)

A

NELSON SOMOGYI

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6
Q

Cu2+ + neocuproine → Cu – neocuproine (yellow/ y-orange)

A

NEOCUPROINE

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7
Q

end color of neocuproine

A

(yellow/ y-orange)

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8
Q

contains Cu(OH)2 copper hydroxide

A

Benedict’s reagent

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9
Q

end color of benedict’s

A

brick red precipitate

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10
Q

ALKALINE FERRIC REDUCTION METHOD aka

A

hagedorn jensen

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11
Q

ALKALINE FERRIC REDUCTION METHOD is _ method and _

A

TITRIMETRIC METHOD and INVERSE COLORIMETRY

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12
Q

Initial is colored and the final reaction is colorless.
Reduction of color is measured

A

INVERSE COLORIMETRY

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13
Q

in hagedorn jensen,

Potassium ferricyanide (yellow) is reduced when heated in an alkaline solution by a reducing sugar such as glcose, produces _ (colorless)

A

Potassium ferrocyanide

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14
Q

Uses: Ortho-toluidine is an aromatic amine

A

CONDENSATION METHOD

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15
Q

Method that uses glucose with aromatic amine forms schiff’s base when heated in an acidic sol’n

Absorbance:
Interferences:

A

Condensation Method

Absorbance: 630nm
Interferences: galactose & mannose can also form schiff’s base

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16
Q

Condensation Method’s acidic soln

A

glacial acetic

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17
Q

ENZYMATIC METHODS include:

A
  1. GLUCOSE OXIDASE METHOD
  2. HEXOKINASE METHOD
  3. GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN METHODS
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18
Q

The most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D-Glucose

A

GLUCOSE OXIDASE METHOD

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19
Q

more abundant D-glucose in the blood

A

b-glucose (64%)

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20
Q

a-glucose in the blood

A

34%

21
Q

Total Glucose also measures the a-glucose by adding the enzyme_ that will convert a-glucose to b-glucose.

A

Mutarotase

22
Q

GLUCOSE OXIDASE METHOD falsely increase in

A

bleach

23
Q

GLUCOSE OXIDASE METHOD falsely decrease in

A

ascorbic acid, uric acid, bilirubin, hemoglobin, tetracycline,
glutathione

24
Q

GLUCOSE OXIDASE METHOD two methods:

A

COUPLED ENZYMATIC REACTION / SAIFER GERNSTENFIELD METHOD

POLAROGRPAHIC METHOD

25
Q

enzyme used in coupled enzymatic method

A

glucose oxidase and peroxidase

26
Q

uses enzyme and end product has color which is measured using a spectrophotometer

A

Enzymatic-Colormtetric Method

27
Q

reduced chromogens in coupled enzymatic rx

A

3-methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrazone

N,N-dimethylaniline

O-dianisidine

28
Q

glucose oxidase method principle

A

Trinder Rx

29
Q

Measurement of the degree of oxygen consumption using a pO2 (Clark) electrode

A

POLAROGRPAHIC METHOD

30
Q

POLAROGRPAHIC METHOD
- Do not use _ sample as cells consume oxygen and may cause _

A

whole blood; FI

31
Q

POLAROGRPAHIC METHOD
requires addition of

A

molybdate and iodide or
catalase and ethanol

32
Q

Reference method for glucose determination because it uses an enzyme that is more accurate than Glucose Oxidase

A

HEXOKINASE METHOD

33
Q

hexokinase method enzyme :

A

hexokinase and G-6-PD

34
Q

enzyme that presence will not affect the glucose concentration

A

hexokinase

35
Q

enzyme not affected by ascorbic acid and uric acid

A

g-6-pd

36
Q

hexokinase method

samples:

interferences:

A

samples: Serum, Plasma, CSF, Urine, Serous fluid

interferences: Hemoglobin, Drugs, Bilirubin, Lipemia

37
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN specimen

A

EDTA whole blood (does not require fasting)

38
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN METHOD

preferred method of choice as it
is not affected by HbF, HbS, and HbC

A

AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY

39
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN METHOD

temperature-dependent.

HbF can cause FI.
HbS and HbC causes FD.

A

CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

40
Q

all forms of Hgb are measured and quantitated. A separation technique.

A

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

41
Q

1st reagent in GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN METHODS

A

lysing agent

42
Q

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN METHODS

A

AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY

CATION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

ELECTROPHORESIS

LATEX IMMUNOAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION METHODOLOGY

43
Q

Recommended Frequency for DM Patients (ADA Guidelines)

o DM patients with stable glycemic control:

A

twice a year (every 6months)

44
Q

Recommended Frequency for DM Patients (ADA Guidelines)

o DM patients with unstable glycemic control:

A

quarterly (every 3 months)

45
Q

Most common method (uses glucometer and reagent strips)

— useful for monitoring hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among diabetic patient

A

self-monitoring of glucose
WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE

46
Q

tests which can be done outside the laboratory

A

POCT (POINT OF CARE TESTING)

47
Q

How often do we measure whole blood glucose for diabetic px in Type 1 DM

A

3-4x /day

48
Q

specimen for self-monitoring glucose

A

capillary blood

MTAP 2 - CC1 Carbohydrates (12 decks)

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