Chemical Basis of Heredity Flashcards
(26 cards)
the physical basis of heredity and it carries the genes
Chromosomes
a double helix strand that is composed of polymer of repeating nucleotides (phosphates and nucleoside)
DNA
the hereditary units or fragments/segments or portions of DNA
Genes
It is the genetic material in almost all
organisms
DNA
organisms whose cells have a nucleus and
other organelles enclosed by a plasma membrane
Eukaryotes
unicellular organisms which the genetic
material is not contained within a nucleus
Prokaryotes
a central region of a prokaryotic cell that contains its DNA
Nucleoid
molecules capable of storing and transmitting biological information
Genetic material
genetic material of some viruses
RNA
In 1953 they proposed the molecular structure of the DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick
a term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.
Double Helix
a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
sugar-phosphate backbone
CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL
- phosphate group (PO4)
- sugar - pentose (five-carbon molecule)
- nitrogen base
the sugar component in DNA
Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar, pentose)
the sugar component in RNA
Ribose
cytosine (C) and thymine (T) and Uracil
Pyrimidines
adenine (A) and guanine (G)
Purines
building blocks of nucleic acids
Nucleotide
sugar molecules and nitrogen bases
Nucleoside
are parts of DNA and RNA involved in base pairing. They are complementary.
Nucleobases (Nucleotide bases)
Nucleobases found in DNA
Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Thymine (T)
Nucleobase found in RNA
Uracil (replaces Thymine in base pairing)
Complementary base pairs
cytosine-guanine
adenine-thymine or adenine-uracil
an organic compound containing nitrogen that include numerous amines (such as ammonia, NH3), pyrimidine bases, and purine bases.
Nitrogenous base
