Population Genetics

Question 1

A field of biology that studies the genetic composition of biological populations, and the changes in genetic composition that result from the operation of various factors, including natural selection.

Answer 1

Population Genetics

Question 2

It is the study of allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary processes.

Answer 2

Population Genetics

Question 3

Four evolution processes

Answer 3

Natural selection
Genetic Drift
Mutation
Gene flow

Question 4

The percentage of alleles of a given type in a population.

Answer 4

Allele/ Gene Frequency

Question 5

A term used in characterizing the genetic diversity of spp population. The richness of its gene pool.

Answer 5

Allele/ Gene Frequency

Question 6

Levels of BIODIVERSITY

Answer 6

Ecosystem
Species
Genes

Question 7

Father of Evolution

Answer 7

Charles Darwin

Question 8

A change of the genetic structure of a population, and are brought about by evolutionary factors.

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

Changes in allele frequencies of a population over time

Answer 9

Microevolution

Question 10

Large scale evolution of groups of spp

Answer 10

Macroevolution

Question 11

A mechanism of evolution

Answer 11

Natural Selection

Question 12

Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

Answer 12

Mutation

Question 13

The ultimate source of variation often lethal or detrimental.

Answer 13

Mutation

Question 14

Changes in structure as well as in number of chromosomes.

Answer 14

Chromosomal mutation

Question 15

Refers to the changes involving the whole genome or entire set or chromosome

Answer 15

Euploidy

Question 16

The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell or an organism.

Answer 16

Ploidy

Question 17

Contains one half the normal number of chromosomes and is exhibited by monoploids.

Answer 17

Monoploidy

Question 18

Organisms with the cells containing 3 or more sets of chromosomes or genomes.

Answer 18

Polyploids

Question 19

Six sets of choromosomes

Answer 19

Hexaploidy

Question 20

Variation in parts of chromosome sets

Answer 20

Aneuploidy

Question 21

Occurs when one or more chromosomes of a normal set are lacking

Answer 21

Hypoploidy

Question 22

Occurs when one or more chromosomes of a normal set have excess

Answer 22

Hyperploidy

Question 23

The monosomics have only one chromosome instead of the normal two sets

Answer 23

Monosomy

Question 24

The trisomics have one chromosome more than the normal two sets

Answer 24

Trisomy

Question 25

The tetrasomics have one chromosome represented four times

Answer 25

Tetrasomy

Question 26

Also called the Patau syndrome. Condition associated with severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities.

Answer 26

Trisomy-13

Question 27

Also called the Edwards syndrome. A condition associated with abnormalities in parts of the body.

Answer 27

Trisomy-18

Question 28

Down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all portion of a third chromosome 21.

Answer 28

Trisomy-21

Question 29

What is the difference of polyploidy and aneuploidy?

Answer 29

Polyploidy is the presence of more than two homologous chromosome sets while Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosome. Polyploidy is rare in humans unlike aneuploidy.

Question 30

Structural changes in chromosomes involving parts of one or more chromosomes.

Answer 30

Chromosomal aberrations

Question 31

Most structural aberrations are caused by ___ __ ____.

Answer 31

Breaks in the chromosomes

Question 32

Represents a loss of a segment or part of a chromosome. This may result to lethality or production of unique phenotypic effects on organisms.

Answer 32

Deletions/deficiencies

Question 33

Example of deletions/deficiencies

Answer 33

Cri-du-cat Syndrome

Question 34

Occurs when a section of a chromosome is in excess of a normal amount or there are extra copies of a part of a chromosome.

Answer 34

Duplications/repeats

Question 35

The rotation of a chromosome segment to a full 180 degrees. It may result to partial or complete sterility of the organism.

Answer 35

Inversion

Question 36

It occurs when the centromere is not included in the inverted segment.

Answer 36

Paracentric inversion

Question 37

Occurs when the inverted segment includes the centromere.

Answer 37

Pericentric inversion

Question 38

Occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Potential cause of trisomies.

Answer 38

Translocation/ Interchange

Question 39

It occurs when single breaks in two non-homologous chromosomes produce an exchange of chromosomes sections between them.

Answer 39

Translocation/ Interchange

Question 40

The changes in an organisms genotype or a change in the stored chemical information in DNA.

Answer 40

Gene Mutation

Question 41

The changes to your DNA sequence that happen during cell division when your cells make copies of themselves.

Answer 41

Gene Mutation

Question 42

A genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

Answer 42

Point Mutation

Question 43

An insertion or deletion of a single base that change the reading frame of the entire subsequent sequence.

Answer 43

Frameshift Mutation

Question 44

Random fluctuations in the numbers of gene variants in a population.

Answer 44

Genetic Drift

Question 45

A change in the gene pool of a small population that takes place strictly by chance. Most often observed in a small populations.

Answer 45

Genetic Drift

Question 46

The transfer of alleles from the gene pool of one population to the gene pool of another population

Answer 46

Gene Flow/ Migration

Question 47

Main factors affecting gene flow

Answer 47

Pollinators Seed Dispersal Breeding System

Question 48

Anemophily

Answer 48

Pollination through Water

Question 49

Myrmecophili

Answer 49

Pollination through ANTS

Question 50

Ornithopily

Answer 50

Pollination through BIRDS

Question 51

Malacophily

Answer 51

Pollination through SNAILS

Question 52

Chiropterophily

Answer 52

Pollination through BATS