Chemical Bonds

Question 1

What are atoms composed of

Answer 1

Positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

Question 2

Consist of an aggregation of atoms held together by valence forces

Answer 2

Molecule

Question 3

What happens when atoms approach one another closely

Answer 3

The electron clouds interact with each other and with the nuclei

Question 4

If this interaction is such that the total energy of the system is _________

Answer 4

lowered

Question 5

A group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit

Answer 5

Molecules

Question 6

Contain two atoms that are chemically bonded.

Answer 6

Diatomic molecules

Question 7

Contain two identical atoms that are chemically bonded.

Answer 7

Homonuclear

Question 8

Contain two different atoms that are chemically bonded.

Answer 8

Heteronuclear

Question 9

Molecules containing more than two atoms.

Answer 9

Polyatomic molecules

Question 10

Smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain its composition and chemical properties of that substance.

Answer 10

Molecules

Question 11

The fundamental principle of chemistry is ______

Answer 11

the atoms of different elements can combine with one another to form chemical compounds.

Question 12

a distinct substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportion by weight.

Answer 12

Chemical compound

Question 13

Is it possible for the same kind of atoms to combine in the same
proportion to form a different type of molecule?

Answer 13

Yes, they are called as isomers

Question 14

identical atoms bonding together with identical proportions and differ only in arrangements.

Answer 14

Isomers

Question 15

Ions are atoms (assemblies of atoms) that have ______

Answer 15

A net electric charge

Question 16

ions that contain fewer electrons than protons have a net positive charge.

Answer 16

Cations

Question 17

ions that contain more electrons than protons have a net negative charge.

Answer 17

Anions

Question 18

contain both cations and anions in a ratio that results in no net electrical charge.

Answer 18

Ionic compounds

Question 19

In ____________, electrons are shared between bonded atoms and are simultaneously attracted to more than one nucleus.

Answer 19

Covalent compounds

Question 20

contain cations and anions rather than discrete neutral molecules.

Answer 20

Ionic compounds

Question 21

Ionic Compounds are held together by _________

Answer 21

Attract6ive electrostatic interactions between cations and anions

Question 22

The cations and anions are arranged in space to form an extended ________________ that maximizes _________________ and minimizes _____________

Answer 22

three-dimensional array, the number of electrostatic interactions, and the number of repulsive electrostatic interactions.

Question 23

Ionic compounds contain both cations in a ratio that results in _______

Answer 23

Zero charge

Question 24

If the electrostatic energy is positive, the particles _____________;

Answer 24

Repel each other

Question 25

If the electrostatic energy is negative, the particles _____________ to each other.

Answer 25

are attracted

Question 26

The name of a ____________ is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion.

Answer 26

Monoatomic cations

Question 27

Stock system of naming

Answer 27

an ion’s positive charge is indicated by a roman numeral in parentheses after the element name, followed by the word ion.

Question 28

Common System of naming

Answer 28

This system recognizes that many metals have two common cations. The common system uses two suffixes (-ic and -ous) that are appended to the stem of the element name.

Question 29

The _______ suffix represents the greater of the two cation charges,

Answer 29

-ic

Question 30

the _______ suffix represents the lower one.

Answer 30

-ous

Question 31

The interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms.

Answer 31

Covalent bonds

Question 32

The binding arises from the ____________ of their nuclei for the same electrons.

Answer 32

Electrostatic attraction

Question 33

A covalent bond forms when the bonded atoms have ___________ than that of widely separated atoms.

Answer 33

a lower total energy

Question 34

is concerned with valence which determines how atoms combine in definite ratios and how this is related to the bond directions and bond lengths.

Answer 34

Structural chemistry

Question 35

Types of covalent bonds

Answer 35

Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds

Question 36

Type of covalent bonds that involves sharing of 2 electrons

Answer 36

Single bond

Question 37

Type of covalent bond that involves the sharing of 4 electrons

Answer 37

Double bond

Question 38

Covalent molecules are held together by _______

Answer 38

Shared electron pairs

Question 39

Bonds are formed when the atoms adopt specific positions relative to one another so as to _________

Answer 39

maximize the bond strength

Question 40

Molecules have a ________, _________, or ________ of its atoms

Answer 40

definite, fairly rigid structure, or spatial distribution

Question 41

a very simplified representation of the valence shell electrons in a molecule.

Answer 41

Lewis structure

Question 42

used to show how the electrons are arranged around individual atoms in a molecule.

Answer 42

Lewis structure

Question 43

Electrons are shown as __________ or for bonding electrons as a _________ between the two atoms.

Answer 43

Dots, lines

Question 44

What is the Lewis structure also known as _______

Answer 44

Lewis-dot diagram

Question 45

the substances that react are known as ________

Answer 45

reactants

Question 46

the substances that are formed during a chemical reaction are known as _________.

Answer 46

Products

Question 47

Two or more compounds combine to form one compound.

Answer 47

Combination reaction

Question 48

The opposite of a combination reaction – a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones.

Answer 48

Decomposition reaction

Question 49

Oxygen combines with a compound to form carbon dioxide and water. These reactions are exothermic, meaning they give off heat.

Answer 49

Combustion reaction

Question 50

An acid and a base react with each other. Generally, the product of this reaction is salt and water.

Answer 50

Neutralization

Question 51

One element takes place with another element in the compound.

Answer 51

displacement reaction

Question 52

Other term for double replacement

Answer 52

double displacement, exchange, or metathesis reactions

Question 53

reactions occur when parts of two ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds.

Answer 53

Double replacement reactions

Question 54

when two aqueous ionic compounds form a new ionic compound that is not soluble in water.

Answer 54

Precipitation reaction

Question 55

type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.

Answer 55

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

Question 56

any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.

Answer 56

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 57

Redox reactions are common and vital to some of the basic functions of life, including

Answer 57

Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, and corrosion or rusting.

Question 58

can be described as a reaction that forms a "complex".

Answer 58

Complexation reaction

Question 59

The goal of an lewis structure is ____

Answer 59

to obtain the "best" electron configuration.