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Pest Management > CHEMICAL CONTROL > Flashcards

CHEMICAL CONTROL Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

___based on substances that are toxic (poisonous) to the pests involved.

A

Chemical control

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2
Q

The _____ around 1200 BC, used ___ and ____ to destroy parasites.

A

Chinese
lime and wood

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3
Q

The Romans used ____ a substance derived from crude oil.

A

sulphur and bitumen,

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4
Q

Any substance or mixture of substances, intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant or desiccant.

A

Pesticides

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5
Q

Diff types of pesticides

A

Insecticide
Herbicide
Fungicide
Nematicide
Rodenticide
Bactericide

Algaecide
Desiccant
Miticide
Lampricide
Avicide
Defoliant
Molluscicide
Piscicide

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6
Q

Kills broad range of pests, usually refers to insecticides, fungicides. and bactericides

A

Broad Spectrum

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7
Q

Kills by contacting pest

A

Contact Poison

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8
Q

Effective against pathogen that has already infected the crop

A

Disinfectant (Eradicant)

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9
Q

Inhibits germination of weed seeds, fungus spores, bacterial spores.

A

Germination Inhibitor

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10
Q

Kills broad range of pests and/or crop plants, usually used in reference to herbicides.

A

Nonselective

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11
Q

Interferes with nervous system function

A

Nerve Poison

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12
Q

Protects crop if applied before pathogens infect the crop

A

Protectants

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13
Q

Repels pest from crop or interferes with pest’s ability to locate crop

A

Repellents

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14
Q

Absorbed and translocated throughout the plant to provide protection

A

Systemic Poison

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15
Q

Kills after ingestion by an animal

A

Stomach Poison

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16
Q

a substance or a mixture of substances which repel, destroy, or mitigate any insect that is considered or declared pest. This can be classified based on the mode of entry, origin. pattern of stability. spectrum of activity, and degree of toxicity to mammals.

A

Insecticides

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17
Q

-the materials exert their toxic action only after they have been introduced into the alimentary canal through feeding on treated substrates. Some of the examples are arsenicals. and fluorides.

A

Stomach insecticides

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18
Q

these insecticides penetrate the insect exocuticle and could then be transported to the site of action via the circulatory system. Some of the examples are nicotinoids, rotenoids and most of the synthetic insecticides.

A

Contact insecticides

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19
Q

these insecticides are used for the control of insects in both plants and animals. When applied to the animal the toxicant is translocated to the untreated parts in concentration that makes the final translocation sites toxic to insects.

A

Systemic insecticides

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20
Q

insecticides that seldom contain carbon. Arsenicals and fluorides are some of the examples.

A

Inorganic insecticides

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21
Q

these insecticides are characterized by organic carbon to carbon bondings.

A

Organic insecticides

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22
Q

these are the insecticides that stay in the environment and control the pest insects for several months and continuously to get into the food chains. The DDT for mosquito control, chlordane for termites control are some of the examples.

A

Persistent insecticides

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23
Q

these are the insecticides that stay in the environment and control pest insects for a few days only because the insecticides are easily detoxified by any detoxifying factors like sunlight, water, temperature and microorganisms. The insecticides in this category are Dipel, Xentari, and some Pyrethroid insecticides like Sumicidin and Cymbush.

A

Non-persistent insecticides

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24
Q

these are insecticides that are toxic to 1 or to some but not the majority of the pest insects in the ecosystem. Some of the examples are Dipel, Thuricide HP. Confidor, Nomolt and Perimor.

Study These Flashcards
A

Selective insecticides

25
these are the insecticides that are toxic to a wide range of insects/organisms including the beneficial insects. Tamaron, Selecron. Pennant. Lorsban are some of the examples of non-selective insecticides.
Non-selective/Broad spectrum insecticides
26
a Swiss entomologist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his lifesaving discovery of DDT (1939) as an insecticide useful in the control of malaria, yellow fever and many other insect-vectored diseases.
Dr. Paul Muller
27
The oldest group of the organochlorines is the ____ , which included DDT, DDD. dicofol, ethylan, chlorobenzilate, and methoxychlor. DDT is probably the best known and most notorious chemical of the 20th century.
diphenyl aliphatics
28
The____ are insecticides that contain carbon (thus organo-), hydrogen, and chlorine. They are also known by other names: chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated organics, chlorinated insecticides, and chlorinated synthetics.
organochlorines
29
act as insect growth regulators (IGRs), they interfere with chitin synthesis. Their greatest value is in the control of caterpillars and beetle larvae.
BENZOYLUREAS
30
Some 10,000 species of the more than I million species of insects are crop-eating, and of these, approximately____ species worldwide cause most of the insect damage to man's crops. in the field and in storage.
700
31
Humanoids have been on earth for more than 3 million years, while insects have existed for at least ____ million years.
250
32
Historians have traced the use of pesticides to the time of Homer around 1000 B.C.. but the earliest records of insecticides pertain to the burning of "______ " (sulfur) as a fumigant.
"brimstone"
33
This person _____ recorded most of the earlier insecticide uses in his Natural History. we find a variety of materials used with questionable results: extracts of pepper and tobacco, soapy water, whitewash, vinegar, turpentine, fish oil, brine, lye among many others.
Pliny the Elder
34
use of substances such as nicotine from tobacco, and later, copper lead and mercur
16th Century
35
use of true chemical pesticides
Post WWII
36
Any substance or mixture of substances, intended for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest, or intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant or desiccant.
PESTICIDES
37
Technically includes biocontrols and plants bred for pest resistance.
PESTICIDES
38
comprise compounds of mineral origin and elemental sulphur.
Inorganic Insecticide
39
Novel compounds which inhibit synthesis in insects. Eg. Applaud- Brown plant hopper control
Growth Regulator Compounds
40
Chemical substance which is volatile at ordinary temperatures and sufficiently toxic to the insects.
Fumigants
41
is the process of subjecting the infested material to the toxic fumes or vapors of chemical or gases which have insecticidal properties.
Fumigantion
42
1._____Pesticide coats or is absorbed into the seed. 2._____ Pesticide applied any time before planting 3._____ Pesticide applied during the planting operation 4._____ In the planting row, direct contact with crop seed 5._____ Next to the row, no direct contact with crop seed.
1.Seed Treatment 2.Pre-Plant 3..At-Planting 4.In-Furrow 5. Side-Dress
43
6.Distributed over the soil surface. 7. Distributed over the soil surface. 8. After the crop has emerged from the ground 9. Final operation before harvest sequence
6. Broadcast 7. Pre-Emergent 8. Post-Emergent 9. Lay-By
44
A substance or a mixture of substances which repel, destroy, or mitigate any insect that is considered or declared pest. This can be classified based on the mode of entry, origin, pattern of stability, spectrum of activity, and degree of toxicity to mammals.
INSECTICIDES
45
___penetrates exoskeletons of insects; pose dangers to on- target and beneficial organisms (spiders)
Contact Insecticides
46
____be applied on plants or to the soil in the presence of water in the soil.
Systemic Insecticides
47
insecticides that seldom contain carbon. Arsenicals and fluorides are some of the examples.
Inorganic insecticides
48
these insecticides are characterized by organic carbon to carbon bondings.
Organic insecticides
49
The organochlorines are insecticides that contain carbon (thus organo-), hydrogen, and chlorine. They are also known by other names: chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated organics, chlorinated insecticides, and chlorinated synthetics.
Organochlorines/ Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
50
Is the term that includes are organic phosphates, phosphorus insecticides, nerve gas relatives, and phosphoric acid esters. All organophosphates are derived from one of the phosphorus acids.
Organophosphates
51
– Similar to organophosphates and are widely used in agriculture and veterinary practice – Carbofuran, Aldicarb, Carbaryl, Pirimicarb
Carbamates
52
The first successful carbamate insecticide____ was introduced in yr ___
carbaryl 1956
53
– Have synthetic structure resembling natural pyrethrins derived from pyrethrum flowers.
Pyrethroids
54
– Naturally existing compounds in plants having insecticidal properties
Botanical Insecticides
55
-Insecticides that stay in the environment and control the pest insects for several months and continuously to get into the food chains. -The DDT for mosquito control and chlordane for termite control are some of the examples.
Persistent
56
– Insecticides that stay in the environment and control pest insects for a few days only because the insecticides are easily detoxified by any detoxifying factors like sunlight, water, temperature and microorganisms. -The insecticides in this category are Dipel, Xentari, and some Pyrethroid insecticides like Sumicidin and Cymbush.
Non-persistent
57
– Insecticides that are toxic to 1 or to some but not the majority of the pest insects in the ecosystem. Some of the examples are Dipel, Thuricide HP, Confidor, Nomolt and Perimor.
Selective
58
– Insecticides that are toxic to a wide range of insects/organisms including the beneficial insects. Tamaron, Selecron, Pennant, Lorsban are some of the examples of non-selective insecticides.
Non-selective/Broad spectrum
59
Classifications based on the degree of toxicity to mammals. _____Category I Red _____ Category II Yellow _____ Category III Blue _____ Category IV Green
Extremely toxic Highly toxic Moderately toxic Slightly toxic

Pest Management (12 decks)

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