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Chemical Processes Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

replaced by the Haber-Bosch and Ostwald processes

A

Birkeland–Eyde Process

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2
Q

process to produce aluminum metal

A

Hall–Héroult process

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3
Q

in the Söderberg form coke was added to react with oxygen

A

Hall–Héroult process

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4
Q

uses organometallic titanium-aluminum catalysts to make polyolefins

A

Ziegler–Natta polymerization

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5
Q

“crust breaker” used to puncture a crust of frozen cryolite and alumina

A

Hall–Héroult process

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6
Q

produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

A

Haber-Bosch Process

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7
Q

old method to extract aluminum; replaced by Hall-Heroult

A

Deville process

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8
Q

alumina dissolved in cryolite

A

Hall–Héroult process

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9
Q

usually carried out at 200 atmospheres and 400-600 degrees Celsius

A

Haber-Bosch Process

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10
Q

main source of modern fertilizers

A

Haber-Bosch Process

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11
Q

version of the Monsanto process that uses iridium

A

Cativa process

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12
Q

uses prebaked carbon anodes

A

Hall–Héroult process

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13
Q

use of zeolite catalysts (Type Y)

A

fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)

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14
Q

very water-sensitive reactions

A

Grignard

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15
Q

purifies nickel using carbon monoxide

A

Mond process

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16
Q

obsolete soda ash production (replaced by Solvay)

A

Leblanc process

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17
Q

produces hydrogen gas from methane (CH₄) and steam (H₂O)

A

steam reforming

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18
Q

developed by Vladimir Shukhov

A

thermal cracking

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19
Q

coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuel synthesis

A

Fischer–Tropsch process

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20
Q

replaced the Hunter process

A

Kroll process

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21
Q

rate governed by the nonlinear Temkin–Pyzhev equation

A

Haber-Bosch Process

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22
Q

developed by James Roth

A

Monsanto process

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23
Q

produces nickel carbonyl from nickel oxides

A

Mond process

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24
Q

occurs in a catalytic riser

A

fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)

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25
developed after a British blockade of sodium nitrate during WWI
Haber-Bosch Process
26
impuriies removed as slag
Bessemer process
27
calcium chloride byproduct; carbon dioxide and ammonia recycled
Solvay process
28
hindered by the anode effect (buildup of gases like PFCs)
Hall–Héroult process
29
produces phenol from chlorobenzene
Dow process
30
Thomas-Gilchrist converter
Bessemer process
31
react with aldehydes or ketones forming C-C bonds to make alcohols
Grignard
32
palladium(II) chloride (PdCl₂) and copper(II) chloride (CuCl₂)
Wacker process
33
used molten sodium to extract titanium
Hunter Process
34
methane and steam run over a nickel catalyst
steam reforming
35
calcium cyanamide from calcium carbide and nitrogen
Frank-Caro process
36
syngas passed over a metal catalyst (Fe or Co)
Fischer–Tropsch process
37
form carboxylic acids when reacted with carbon dioxide
Grignard
38
carbon dioxide bubbled through ammoniated brine (NaCl in water)
Solvay process
39
replaced the Birkeland–Eyde and Frank–Caro (cyanamide) processes
Haber-Bosch Process
40
acetic acid from methanol and carbon monoxide (with iodide)
Monsanto process
41
made by reacting alkyl or aryl halides with magnesium metal
Grignard
42
steel production using air blasting
Bessemer process
43
developer won the 1912 Nobel Prize
Grignard
44
uses a platinum-rhodium gauze catalyst
Ostwald Process
45
uses iron oxide catalyst with promoters like potassium and aluminum oxides
Haber-Bosch Process
46
produces "sponge titanium"
Kroll process
47
purified TiCl₄ is reacted with molten magnesium (Mg)
Kroll process
48
studied by Gerhard Ertl (2007 Nobel Prize) using Auger electron spectroscopy
Haber-Bosch Process
49
Copper refining from matte
Manhès–David process
50
part of the oil refining process
fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)
51
production of soda ash; sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)
Solvay process
52
produces acetone and phenol from benzene and propylene
Cumene process
53
often requires 'floury' or 'sandy' alumina
Hall–Héroult process
54
oxidation of ethylene (C₂H₄) to acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO)
Wacker process
55
Mg production via reduction with Si
Pidgeon process
56
produces nitric acid from ammonia
Ostwald Process
57
refines alumina (aluminum oxide) from bauxite
Bayer process
58
impurities called "red mud" are removed
Bayer process
59
the KAAP (Kellogg Advanced Ammonia Process) version uses ruthenium as a catalyst
Haber-Bosch Process
60
rhodium-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid
Monsanto process
61
produces titanium metal (Ti) from TiCl₄
Kroll process
62
breaks a nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond
Haber-Bosch Process
63
was used to make nitric acid using electric arcs
Birkeland–Eyde Process
64
air blown through pig iron (Robert Forester Mushet)
Bessemer process
65
replaced the Birkland-Eyde process of producing nitric acid
Ostwald Process
66
hydrocarbons made from carbon moxide and hydrogen
Fischer–Tropsch process
67
spiegeleisen (a manganese-rich iron alloy) added
Bessemer process
68
dolomite used to remove phosphorus
Bessemer process
69
electrophilic aromatic substitution (e.g. benzene) using AlCl₃ catalyst
Friedel–Crafts
70
sodium hydroxide and chlorine via electrolysis of brine
Castner–Kellner process
71
osmium and uranium were used as catalysts until Alwin Mittasch used iron oxide
Haber-Bosch Process

Science (General) (13 decks)

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