Hormones Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
dwarf beans become pole beans
A
gibberellins
2
Q
promotes seed dormancy
A
abscisic acid
3
Q
overproduced in Cushing’s syndrome
A
cortisol
4
Q
primary female sex hormone
A
estrogen
5
Q
lacking in type I diabetes
A
insulin
6
Q
light (esp blue) slows its release
A
melatonin
7
Q
thickens the endometrium
A
estrogen
8
Q
5-alpha reductase reduces it to DHT
A
testosterone
9
Q
secreted in cell groups A8 to A14
A
dopamine
10
Q
an excess causes bakanae
called foolish seedling disease
A
gibberellins
11
Q
stimulate stem elongation
A
gibberellins
12
Q
inhibit gibberellins (therefore growth)
A
abscisic acid
13
Q
produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
A
insulin
14
Q
deficiency causes andropause
A
testosterone
15
Q
raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts
A
parathyroid hormone
16
Q
counteracts insulin and increases glycogenolysis
A
cortisol
17
Q
responsible for the fight-or-flight response
A
epinephrine (adrenaline)
18
Q
Estrone (E1) Estradiol (E2) Estriol (E3)
A
estrogen
19
Q
stimulates egg/sperm production
A
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
20
Q
precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine
A
dopamine
21
Q
receptors blocked by SERMs like tamoxifen (breast cancer treatments)
A
estrogen
22
Q
transported by PIN proteins and bind to TIR1
A
auxins
23
Q
inhibits TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) secretion from the anterior pituitary
A
somatostatin
24
Q
produces by Leydig cells in the testes
A
testosterone
25
suppresses hunger signals in the hypothalamus
leptin
26
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls apical dominance
auxins
27
disulfide-linked A and B-chains (connected by C-peptide)
insulin
28
converted to estradiol by aromatase
testosterone
29
produced by hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan
serotonin
30
reuptake targeted by Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft [SSRIs]
serotonin
31
stimulates bile release and promotes satiety
cholecystokinin (CCK)
32
secreted y the adrenal glands
epinephrine (adrenaline)
33
destruction of DELLA proteins required
gibberellins
34
"brake pedal" of the endocrine system
somatostatin
35
Charles Darwin and son Frances oat seedling experiment
auxins
36
made in enterochromaffin cells (lining of the GI tract)
serotonin
37
regulates appetite and mood
serotonin
38
converted from testosterone by aromatase
estrogen
39
produced by the hydroxylation and then methylation of dopamine
epinephrine (adrenaline)
40
increases Na⁺ reabsorption, K⁺ excretion, and water retention
aldosterone
41
converts inactive Vitamin D to active Vitamin D
parathyroid hormone
42
anti-inflammatory effects used to treat things like poison ivy
cortisol
43
PNMT converts norepinephrine to this
epinephrine (adrenaline)
44
cells become resistant to its effects in type II diabetes
insulin
45
raises the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream
glucagon
46
promote cell division in shoots and roots
cytokinins
47
slows down digestive processes by reducing GI hormone release
somatostatin
48
preceded by tyrosine and L-DOPA in catecholamine biosynthesis
dopamine
49
lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts
calcitonin
50
inhibits growth hormone secretion from the pituitary
somatostatin
51
opposed by leptin and stimulates hunger
ghrelin
52
precursor to all other sex hormones
progesterone
53
counteracts the effects of glucagon
insulin
54
5-HT
serotonin
55
opposes ghrelin and inhibits hunger
leptin
56
key component of the HPA axis response
cortisol
57
promotes spermatogenesis
testosterone
58
induces glycogen synthesis and glucose absorption
insulin
59
develops male secondary sex characteristics
testosterone
60
inhibits prolactin secretion
dopamine
61
promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver, lowering blood glucose levels
insulin
62
involved in mood and addiction
dopamine
63
regulates menstral cycle
estrogen
64
made in the stomach
ghrelin
65
triggers contractions in the uterus
oxytocin
66
broken down by COMT in the prefrontal cortex
dopamine
67
promotes water retention in kidneys
vasopressin
68
stimulates acid secretion in the stomach
gastrin
69
controls molting and metamorphosis in insects
ecdysone
70
inhibited by beta-blockers
epinephrine (adrenaline)
71
produced in the pineal gland
melatonin
72
develops secondary female sex characteristics
estrogen
73
produced in the chromaffin cells
epinephrine (adrenaline)
74
used to treat menopause
estrogen
75
stimulates bicarbonate release from pancreas
secretin
76
discovered in coconut milk, zeatin
cytokinins
77
can stimulate glycogenolysis
epinephrine (adrenaline)
78
promotes leaf growth
gibberellins
79
regulates circadian rhythm and sleep
melatonin
80
opposes insulin
glucagon
81
promotes milk production
prolactin
82
used to cause vasoconstriction during anaphylaxis
epinephrine (adrenaline)
83
metabolized into 5-HIAA in the liver
serotonin
84
signals for the insertion of GLUT4 transporters into the cell membranes
insulin
85
triggers ovulation and testosterone production
luteinizing hormone (LH)
86
stress hormone
cortisol
87
promotes cell elongation, phototropism and gravitropism in plants
auxins
88
pleasure/reward neurotransmitter
dopamine
89
plays a role in movement regulation (deficiency in Parkinson’s disease)
dopamine
90
used as rooting powder
auxins
91
stimulate seed germination
gibberellins
92
GnRH negative feedback loop
testosterone
93
precursor to sex hormones
androgens
94
precursor L-DOPA given to Parkinson’s patients
dopamine
95
mimicked by isoflavones (soy) / PCBs / BPA
estrogen
96
used in Agent Orange (2,4-D)
auxins
97
leads to muscle growth and aggression
testosterone
98
made in adipose tissue (fat cells)
leptin
99
stronger 'dihydro' type (DHT)
testosterone
100
stored in the pancreas as hexamer stabilized by zinc
insulin
101
increases gastric acid secretion and can lead to ulcers
cortisol
102
loosens cell walls (acid growth hypothesis)
auxins
103
produced by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell production
erythropoietin (EPO)
104
first protein to be sequenced by Frederick Sanger (51 amino acids)
insulin
105
stimulates cortisol release
ACTH
106
increases secretion of breast milk
oxytocin
107
closes the stomata
abscisic acid
108
“love hormone”
oxytocin
109
inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion in the pancreas
somatostatin
110
made in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
cortisol
111
used to treat allergic reactions
epinephrine (adrenaline)
112
secreted by delta cells in both the duodenum and pancreas
somatostatin
113
thyroid hormones that increase metabolism
T3 & T4
