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Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance with a pH less than 7.

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2
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A substance with an pH higher than 7.

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3
Q

What are some common acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid and ethanoic acid (vinegar)

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4
Q

What are some common alkalis?

A

Sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

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5
Q

What are the symbols meanings and names of the hazards?

A

Go check on the first lesson on Chemical Reactions on OneNote.

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6
Q

What do hydrogen ions look like?

A

H+ Ions

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7
Q

What do hydroxide ions look like?

A

OH-. Check for both ions on OneNote for more accurate answers.

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8
Q

What do acids and alkalis contain?

A

They contain ions.

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9
Q

What ions do acids contain?

A

They contain hydrogen ions.

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10
Q

What ions do alkalis contain?

A

They contain hydroxide ions.

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11
Q

Why is water neutral?

A

Water is neutral because the number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are equal.

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12
Q

What are the properties of acids?

A

Aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes, meaning that they conduct electrical currents. Acids have a sour taste. Acids react with active metals to make hydrogen gas. Acids react with bases to produce a salt compound and water.

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13
Q

What are the properties of alkalis?

A

Alkalis have bitter taste and a slippery feel. Alkaline solutions have a pH value greater than 7. Alkali solutions turn red litmus paper into blue.

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14
Q

How can you tell if an acid is stronger than another?

A

pH 1 are stronger than pH 2, 3,4 5 and 6.

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15
Q

How can you tell if an alkali is stronger than another?

A

pH 14 is stronger than 13,12,11,10,9 and 8.

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16
Q

How might we able to tell the pH of a solution?

A

We could use a pH scale monitor or a solution and an indicator paper.

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17
Q

Can all acids have the same level of danger?

A

Some acids are more dangerous and can be irritating or even corrosive.

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18
Q

What does neutralisation mean.

A

Adding enough alkali/acid to and acid/alkali to create a neutral pH of 7. Neutralisation is when an acid cancels out an alkali and vice versa.

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19
Q

What is the equation when and acid and alkali react to each other?

A

Acid + Alkali ➡️ Salt + Water.
E.g, Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Hydroxide➡️ Calcium chloride salt + water.

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20
Q

What is the equation when you add sulphuric acid to an alkali?

A

Sulphuric acid + Alkali➡️ Alkali Sulphate Salt+ Water.

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21
Q

What is the equation when you add nitric acid to an alkali?

A

Nitric acid + Alkali➡️ Alkali Nitrate Salt+ Water.

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22
Q

What does oxidation mean?

A

Addition of oxygen.

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23
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with oxygen?

A

When a metal reacts with oxygen a metal oxide forms.

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24
Q

What is the equation for when a metal reacts with oxygen?

A

The general equation for the reaction is: metal+oxygen➡️ metal oxide.

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25
What is rust?
Rust is a form of iron oxide and it for a slowly when iron is exposed to air.
26
What can iron can transform to?
Iron can transform into steel (an alloy), which is more resistant to rust.
27
What is the word equation for when a metal reacts with an acid?
Metal + acid ➡️ salt + hydrogen. Salt- metal you used and acid ending.
28
What pH range is an acid?
0 or 1-6
29
What pH range is an alkali?
8-14
30
What pH is neutral?
7
31
What are the colours of acids on the pH scale?
Red, orange, yellow and light green.
32
What are the cooks of alkalis on the pH scale?
Blue, purple and dark green.
33
What colour is neutral on the pH scale?
Green.
34
What is produced when an acid reacts with an alkali?
Salt and water.
35
What is salt?
A neutral compound formed in a reaction between acid and alkali
36
What is the equation when a metal reacts with Hydrochloric acid?
Metal + Hydrochloric acid ➡️ metal chloride + hydrogen gas.
37
What is the equation when sulphuric acid reacts with a metal?
Metal + Sulphuric acid ➡️ metal sulphate + hydrogen gas.
38
What is the equation for when you add nitric acid and metal?
Metal+ nitric acid➡️ Metal nitrate + hydrogen gas.
39
What is a evaporation?
When a liquid turns into gas.
40
What does reactivity mean?
The tendency of a substance to react with another.
41
What is the reactivity series?
It is a list of metals that are the most reactive to the least reactive.
42
What is the equation for a metal reacting with water?
Metal+Water➡️ Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen.
43
What is oxidation?
Addition of oxygen.
44
What is the equation of metal and oxygen?
Metal+oxygen➡️Metal oxide.
45
What is the equation for metal and chlorine?
Metal+chlorine➡️metal chloride
46
What is the equation for metal and sulphur?
Metal+sulphur➡️metal sulphide (sometimes called sulphate)
47
What can be used to make predictions about the reactivity of metals?
The reactivity series.
48
What do metals come from?
Ores.
49
In what form do metals typically come when extracted from ores?
Metals typically come in the form of metal oxide, as they are combined with oxygen
50
Why can carbon be used to extract metals from metal oxides?
Carbon is more reactive than the metals below it in the reactivity series, so it can be used to extract these metals from their metal oxides.
51
What is the equation for extracting metal with carbon?
Metal oxide+carbon➡️carbon dioxide.
52
What is an equation for extracting metal ,that is higher in the reactivity series, with carbon?
Aluminium oxide+carbon➡️ aluminium oxide + carbon (no reaction)
53
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is a process that uses electricity to split a compound into its basic elements.
54
Why do we use electrolysis to extract oxygen from metals, instead of carbon?
Because if there is a metal more reactive than carbon then we use electrolysis to extract oxygen from the metal.
55
Search on Google of a diagram of electrolysis as OneNote is currently not working 05.06.24.
56
What does activation energy mean?
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to happen.
57
58
What is the collision theory?
The collision theory states that for a reaction to start, the reactants must collide with each other. The more frequently the reactants collide the faster the reaction.
59
60
What factors affect the speed of a reaction?
Temperature, concentration/volume, pressure.
61
Why does the temperature affect the speed of a reaction?
The higher the temperature, the more energy the reactants have, the more chance they collide, so speeding up the reaction.
62
Why does the concentration/volume affect the speed of a reaction?
The more reactants, the more concentrated the solution, the faster the reaction.
63
Why does the pressure of a reaction affect the speed of a reaction?
Increasing the pressure increases the rate of a reaction because the reactants are more closer to each other.
64

Chemistry (4 decks)

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