Chemical Senses

Question 1

Olfactory Epithelium

Answer 1

• 5 cmsq in superior part of nasal mucosa

- Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 2

whats unique about olfactory neurons

Answer 2

unique among sense systems that are regularly replaced (30-60 days) and can regenrate after injuy

Question 3

Olfactory neurons are:

Answer 3

They are bipolar

Have cilia w/in mucosa

Question 4

Basal Stem cells do what

Answer 4

give rise to new neurons

Question 5

What two types of cells/glands Secreate mucus for protection

Answer 5

Bowmans glands

Supporting cells

Question 6

Odorant receptor types

Answer 6

GPCR, lots of types, on olfactory neuron cilia

Question 7

Each neuron express _____type of odorant receptor: very specific but there are ______

Answer 7

1

thousands of them

Question 8

3. Ligand (odorant) binds to receptor in pocket

pocket made by

Answer 8

7 transmemb regions from the GPCR

Question 9

Ligand regions are:

Answer 9

Highly varialb aa sequence in transmembrane region

→ possible mechanism for recongtion of so many dif ligands

Question 10

odorant binds to odorant receptor we get→

Answer 10

depolarization

Question 11

olfactory neurons projected→ through

Answer 11

crib plate to olfact bulb→ synapse onto neurons in clusters called glomeruli

Question 12

neurons in clusters called (olfactory bulb)

Answer 12

glomeruli

Question 13

W/in each glomerulus are

Answer 13

a. mitral cells
b. tufted relay cells
c. periglomuler interneurons

Question 14

olfactor receptors for same ligand will all end up sending their axons to the same glomerulus that is attached to a

Answer 14

mitral cell

Question 15

Results in spatial map so there may be processing occuring in the olfactory bulb

Answer 15

convergence

Question 16

In olfactory cortex: Mitral and tufted cells (in the bulb) receive info from the olfactory neurons – > sending info to

Answer 16

back along the olfactory tract there are several possibilities of where they can end up

Question 17

projections to contralateral olfactory bulb and all othres go ipsilaterally

Answer 17

Anterior commisure

Question 18

Olfactory Tract is made up of:

Answer 18

axons of mitral and tufted cells from olfactory bulb

Question 19

MOST olfactory neurons go to

Answer 19

to Entorhinal cortex→ thalamus or hippocampus

Question 20

Projections go here for emotional aspect of smell (memories)

Answer 20

some to amygdala (limbic)

Question 21

projections to______ is emotional and motivation of smell

Answer 21

hippocampus

Question 22

Why so we send olfactory info to thalamus?

Answer 22

Direct attention to stimulus

Question 23

Projection to hypothalamus for:

Answer 23

• physiological aspectes of smell

Question 24

-direct attention to stimulus
-perception and discrimination of odors
~oatmeal or ch. chip cookie

Answer 24

thalamus

Question 25

gustatory sense + olfacory sense + general sensation =

Answer 25

Flavor

Question 26

gustatory sensation=

Answer 26

Taste

Question 27

taste receptors =

Answer 27

epithelial cells (not neurons like in nose)

Question 28

stem cells for turnover in taste buds

Answer 28

basal cells

Question 29

_______ extend into taste pore and saliva is here with molecules

Answer 29

Microvilli

Question 30

At_____ of taste bud Sensory neurons contact taste receptos

Answer 30

base

Question 31

Location of taste buds on Tongue (ant 2/3 ) Nerves that transmit taste sensation: Location of sensory neuron cell body: Ends in:

Answer 31

Facial N VII via chorda tympani Geniculate ganglion Rostral nueclues Solitarius or Gustatory gang

Question 32

Location of taste buds on Posterior 1/3 tongue Nerves that transmit taste sensation: Location of sensory neuron cell body: Ends in:

Answer 32

Glosspophyarngyeal IX Inferior ganglion Rostal nucleus or Solitarius or Gustatory gang

Question 33

Location of taste buds on palate Nerves that transmit taste sensation: Location of sensory neuron cell body: Ends in:

Answer 33

Facial VII via greater petrosal n. Geniculate gang Rostal nucleus or Solitarius or Gustatory gang

Question 34

Location of taste buds on epiglottis Nerves that transmit taste sensation: Location of sensory neuron cell body: Ends in:

Answer 34

Vagus via superior larnygeal n’s internal laryngeal branch Inferior gang Rostal nucleus or Solitarius or Gustatory gang

Question 35

Gustatory ganglion→ Then goes to_____ of thalamus→ to ________ (where taste cortex is located)

Answer 35

VPM | anterior region of insula

Question 36

Where do we go from anterior region of insula

Answer 36

superior/inferior salivatory nucleus or amygdala