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Med Neur 2 > Visual System > Flashcards

Visual System Flashcards

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1
Q

Which layer of cornea has HIGH REGENERATIVE capaticy?

A

epitelium

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2
Q

The layer of cornea is Acellular, unorganized collagen fibers, and is barrier to infection

A

Bowmans membrane

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3
Q

Layer of cornea that binds water, and maintains corneal clarity

A

Stroma

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4
Q

Stroma has what type of fibers?

A

type 1 collagen

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5
Q

which layer of cornea contributes to it’s thickness?

A

Stroma

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6
Q

These corneal cells will increase thickness with age and are entothelial cells

A

Descemets membrane

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7
Q

This simple layer of cells pumps water out of the stroma

A

Endothelium

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8
Q

Function of cornea

A

major refractive function

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9
Q

Nearsightedness is called ______

and has focus point:

A

Myopia

in front of fovea

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10
Q

Correct for Mypoia with a ______lens

A

Diverging or concave lens (-)

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11
Q

Farsisightedness is called _____

and has focus point:

A

hyperopia

beyond

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12
Q

Correct for hyperopia with a ______lens

A

convex lens

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13
Q

A perfect vision eye is:

A

diffraction limited

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14
Q

Lasik patient will have ____ point spread function and_______ wave aberrations

A

larger

tighter

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15
Q

What are the three layer of the choroid

A

vessel layer–> choriocapillary layer–> Bruchs membrane

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16
Q

Three contact regions of ciliary body:

A

vitresous body, sclera, chamber

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17
Q

How does aquouse humor drain from anterior chamber?

A

via trabecular meshwork

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18
Q

Where is trabelcular meshwork located?

A

near the limbus

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19
Q

What is the anterior surface of eye made of? and how does it determine eye color?

A

vascular, loose CT

has melanocytes and the number and type will determine eye color

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20
Q

What makes up posterior surface of iris?

A

double layer of pigmented epi to absorb light

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21
Q

Where is the pupilary dialator located?

A

bwn vascular and pigmented layer of iris

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22
Q

What nerve system innervates pupillary dialator m?

A

Sympatheic

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23
Q

Myoepithelial cells make up:

A

dialator pupillae muscle

-RADIALLY arranged

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24
Q

Concentric smooth muscle bunds at inner aspect of iris make up:

A

sphincter pupillae m.

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25
Innervation of sphincter pupillae
PNS vi oculomotor nerve
26
Aqueos humor is located:
anterior chamber
27
Anterior chamber located:
between lens and pupil
28
Anterior chamber is vascular/avascular
avascular
29
What part of eye is key for maintaining intraocular pressure?
anterior chamber
30
What is the order for aqueous flow?
ciliary processes--> posterior chamber--> anterior chamber--> trabecular meshwork--> Schlemms canal--> veins of sclera
31
If you have open angle but have glaucoma, what is cause?
Issues with reabsorption and developes slower over time
32
If you have closed angle of iris what kind of issues will you ahve?
acute and quick and very painful.
33
Clincal signs of glaucoma include: Pressure
Elevated pressure above 12-22 mmHG called tonometry
34
Clincal signs of glaucoma: with visual field
visual field defect and have a selective peripheral loss of sensitivity
35
Can an indiviual have normal vision and glaucoma?
yes, may have 20/20 but will have poor diagnostic field
36
Why does glaucoma get caught late in the game?
because by the time people come in for glaucoma, 60% of ganglion are lost
37
Cup to disc ration: what ratio is bad
higher cup to disc ratio is BAD
38
Network of collagen finbers through which fibers thorugh which fibers of optic nerve exit the eye and are altered in glaucoma
Lamina crbrosa
39
What is our secondary refractive structure in eye?
Lens
40
Lens is avascular/vascular Situtation with organelles? high or low ECM
avascular no organelles low ECM
41
What makes up body of lens
lens fibers with no organelles
42
What is the ECM that surrounds the lens
Capsule
43
makes up anterior surface of lens
epithelium
44
What connects lens to ciliary body?
zonule fibers
45
When lens is spherical it has weaker/same/stronger optical power
stronger
46
Lens gets thinner when focused on: | and the ciliary muscles are:
distant objects | relaxed
47
Lens gets thicker when focused on: | and the ciliary muscles are:
near objects | contracted
48
When ciliary muscles contract it puts tension on: | This will thin out/thicken/ no change on lens
zonule fibers | thickens
49
opacification of the lens as you age:
cataract
50
cataract loacted in center of lens
nuclear cataracts
51
cataract that affects the layer of lens surrounding nucleus
cortical cataract
52
cataract found in back outer layer of lens and develop rapidly
posterior cataract
53
Acellular with type 2 collagen and hyaluronic acid
Vitreous body
54
provides nutrients to eye, is transparent and avascular
vitreous body
55
Located in neural region of retina and is for high aquity
fovea
56
What happens to nueral elements in retina as we move anteriorly?
decline to single layer covering ciliary body
57
What seperates retina from vitreous humor?
Inner limiting membrane--keeps retina packed in
58
if you have a thick ganglion cell layer, where are you located in the eye?
more posteriorly and closer to fovea, decreaess as we move peripherally or anteriorly
59
What are two clues on location of histology of location, central or peripheral, of eye?
The Gang Cell layer is thicker towards fovea | You do not and inner retinal layer at the fovea
60
Photoreceptors(rods and cones) | a. Inner segments:
: organelles for protein synthesis and E production
61
long- Slender outer segments.. numerous except at fovea | →very light sensitve
a. Rods:
62
Cones:
conical outer segments w/ membrane discs. Less sensitive then rods and responsible for high acuity and color vision
63
light sensitive
rods
64
gives us high aquity
cones
65
conical outer segments w/ membrane discs. Less sensitive then rods and responsible for high acuity and color vision
cones
66
What corrects for eye aberrations
Adaptive optics
67
Foveal pit devos after a thickening of
retina
68
Site of incipient fovea is_______ all along
avascular
69
After birth the cones get
better packed
70
Simple, cuboidal melanin containing epithelium btwn neural retina and Bruchs membrane (BM)
Retinal pigmented epithelium
71
Provides outer blood-retinal-barrier
RPE
72
a. melanin absorbs scatterd light b. Transports nutrients and ions btwn photoreceptors and choriocapilarris c. Spatial buffering ofions in subretinal spaced.
RPE
73
RPE will do what to the all trans retinal
reiosmerize them
74
Responsible for outer segment renewal
RPE
75
RPE secretes _______ for maintence and structual integrity of retina
GF
76
outer seg phagocytosis occurs on________ schedule w/ peak of rod outer disc shedding at______ and peak of cone outer seg disc shedding at______
diurnal dawn dusk
77
Blood supply: all branches in retina are from
ophthalmic artery
78
70% via_____ artery system off the opthalmic→ anterior ciliary artery (cornea/ciliary body/iris) + Posterior ciliary artery (long—iris and ciliary body) (short—choroid)
ciliary
79
30% of eye via_______ artery system off the opthalmic→ central retinal artery→ inner retina
retinal
80
Fovea: blood from choroid thus short ciliary branches from _______
anterior ciliary artery`
81
inherited disocer of melanin biosynthesis—see absent or reduced melanin pigment in eye and skin and hair 1:17,000
Albinism
82
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)— inheritance is
autosomal recessive
83
a. OCA1A= | b. OCA11B =
no pigment anywhere | some d/t leaky mutation allowing residual enZ (tyrosinase)
84
= X-linked and have normal skin and hair
Ocular Albinism (OA)
85
Clinical symptoms of albinism
a. Iris transillumination b. Macular translucency c. Foveal hypoplasia d. altered ipsi/contra impairs stero vision
86
: flat membrane disc w/ photosensiteve visual pigmentation (opsin; structual and fnxional)
b. Outer segmets:
87
: transort of pros to OS: 10 billion opsin mole/secon~myosin VIIa and Kinesin II are the motor neurosn that do this
c. Connecting cilium:

Med Neur 2 (12 decks)

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