Chemistry

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

carbon containing compounds

Question 2

what is biochemistry

Answer 2

living systems
metabolism

Question 3

how many electrons in first shell

Answer 3

2

Question 4

how many electrons in 2nd shell

Answer 4

8

Question 5

how many electrons in 3rd shell

Answer 5

8

Question 6

how many electrons in 4th shell

Answer 6

18

Question 7

what are valence electrons

Answer 7

combining capacity of outermost shell

Question 8

what are chemical reactions

Answer 8

combination to fill outermost shell-valence electrons

Question 9

what determines an element

Answer 9

proton

Question 10

what is an isotope

Answer 10

elements with same number of protons and electrons
different number of neutrons

Question 11

what is an ion

Answer 11

elements with same number of protons and neutrons
different number of electrons

Question 12

protons-electrons=

Answer 12

charge of atom

Question 13

what determines atomic weight

Answer 13

neutron

Question 14

what are molecules

Answer 14

combination of atoms held together by bonds

Question 15

what are ionic bonds

Answer 15

electrostatic attraction of cation and anion
electrons transferred
weakish electrostatic attraction

Question 16

what are covalent bonds

Answer 16

strong attraction
electrons shared
saring of one or more pairs of electrons
common in living organisms
long chain compounds
takes energy to rip apart

Question 17

what are hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

weakest bond
electrostatic attraction of polar molecules
temporary binding in proteins and nucleic acids
not much energy required to break bonds

Question 18

what is a polar molecule

Answer 18

slightcharge at each end

Question 19

how many bonds per molecule for hydrogen bonding

Answer 19

4

Question 20

what is the Collison theory

Answer 20

velocity of particles
orientation

Question 21

what is activation energy

Answer 21

heat
pressure
enzymes

Question 22

what are acids dissociated into

Answer 22

hydrogen ions

Question 23

what are bases dissociated into

Answer 23

hydroxide ions

Question 24

what are salts dissociated into

Answer 24

anions and cations other than hydrogen and hydroxide

Question 25

what are buffers

Answer 25

substances which accept hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Question 26

how many valence electrons does carbon have

Answer 26

4

Question 27

what are the types of carbon bonds

Answer 27

single double triple cyclic compounds

Question 28

what are carbs made of

Answer 28

carbon hydrogen o2

Question 29

how many carbons in a monosaccharide

Answer 29

3-7

Question 30

what are disaccharides

Answer 30

2 monosaccharides

Question 31

what is the bond that joins carbs

Answer 31

glycosidic bond

Question 32

what are polysaccharides

Answer 32

tens to hundreds of monosaccharides glycosidic bond

Question 33

what are examples of polysaccharides

Answer 33

cellulose glycogen startch peptidoglycan

Question 34

what is the storage of glucose for plants

Answer 34

startch

Question 35

what are lipids made of

Answer 35

carbon hydrogen o2

Question 36

what are some properties of lipids

Answer 36

non-polar hydrophobic structure of cell membranes

Question 37

wat are simple lipids

Answer 37

glycerol + fatty acids

Question 38

what are complex lipids

Answer 38

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

Question 39

what is LPS

Answer 39

lipopolysaccharide- can cause fever and septic shock

Question 40

what are proteins made of

Answer 40

carbon hydrogen o2 nitrogen some sulfur

Question 41

how many amino acids

Answer 41

21

Question 42

what is the bond for amino aicds

Answer 42

peptide bond

Question 43

what is the primary protein structure

Answer 43

unique sequence of amino acids

Question 44

what is the secondary structure of ptoetins

Answer 44

localized twisting or folding ofchains alpha helix and beta sheet

Question 45

what is the tertiary structure of ptoetins

Answer 45

overall 3D structure

Question 46

what is the quaternary structure of protiens

Answer 46

combination of 2 or more polypeptide chains

Question 47

what are some charactertistics of DNA

Answer 47

stores genetic info double stranded phosphodiester bond dexoyribose thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine

Question 48

what is a phosphodiester bond

Answer 48

covalent bond that holds dna together

Question 49

what is the sugar backbone of DNA

Answer 49

dexoyribose

Question 50

what are the characteristics of RNA

Answer 50

single strnaded ribose uracil replaces thymine