Genetics Flashcards
(29 cards)
how many h bonds for thymine and adenine
2
how many h bonds for guanine and cytosine
3
what is the “central dogma”
DNA….RNA……Protein
what is genotype
genetic makeup
potential properties
not expressed
Bb
how many encoding genes in e coli
4290
how many protein encoding genes in humans
30,000
what is phenotype
actual expressed properties
manifestation of genotype
brown
what are chromosomes
structures of DNA carrying the hereditary info
what are genes
segments of chromosomes coding for products
what is DNA replication
parent double stranded
2 identical daughter
what is DNA polymerase
proofreading capability
1 mistake every 1010 added bases
makes DNA
opens it up
does RNA polymerase proofread
no
what is transcription
synthesis of complimentary strand of RNA from DNA
mRNA carries info to ribosomes
what is translation
protein synthesis
ribosome- 2 subunits assembled together containing RNA
mRNA fed through ribosome
tRNA carries specific amino acid and assembles
what is a codon
sequence of 3 bases
how many possible codons for 20 amino acids
64
how many sense codons
61
how many nonsense codons
3
what is a mutation
error in the gene
1 every 10 bil there is a mistake or every 4 cells
change in base sequence of DNA
most are deleterious
what is the most common mutation
base substituion
what is novel protein
inproving ability to survive
improving reproduction
what is a missense mutation
incorrect insertion of amino acid in protien
least harmful
codon changes which changes amino acid
what is a nonsense mutation
creating a stop codon in middle of mRNA molecule
2nd most harmful
what is a frameshift mutation
nucleotides either added or deleted
worse mutation
