Chemistry

Question 1

Define Element

Answer 1

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Question 2

Define Compound

Answer 2

A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Question 3

Differentiate between Metal and Non-metal

Answer 3

Metal: Elements that are typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable.
Non-metal: Elements that are dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and brittle when solid.

Question 4

Differentiate between Group and Period in the periodic table

Answer 4

Group: Vertical columns; elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
Period: Horizontal rows; properties of elements change progressively across a period.

Question 5

Define Ionic Compounds

Answer 5

Formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, resulting in positive and negative ions.

Question 6

Define Molecular Compounds

Answer 6

Formed when atoms share electrons.

Question 7

What is an Ion?

Answer 7

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charged particle.

Question 8

What is a Neutral Atom?

Answer 8

An atom with no charge, where the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 9

What is Atomic Size trend in the periodic table?

Answer 9

Increases as you move down a group and decreases as you move across a period.

Question 10

What is Electronegativity trend in the periodic table?

Answer 10

Increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 11

What is Ionization Energy trend in the periodic table?

Answer 11

Increases across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 12

Is toasting bread a physical or chemical change?

Answer 12

Chemical (new substances formed, such as toasted compounds).

Question 13

Is making Kool-aid a physical or chemical change?

Answer 13

Physical (no new substances, just mixing).

Question 14

Is lighting a match a physical or chemical change?

Answer 14

Chemical (burning and producing new substances).

Question 15

Is adding baking soda and vinegar a physical or chemical change?

Answer 15

Chemical (reaction creates new products).

Question 16

Is boiling water a physical or chemical change?

Answer 16

Physical (only a phase change, no new substances).

Question 17

Describe the difference between oxygen gas (molecule) and a solution (ketchup) using particle theory

Answer 17

Oxygen Gas: Particles are separate and moving freely.
Solution (Ketchup): Particles are uniformly mixed but remain separate in the solution.

Question 18

Complete the table for Carbon: Element, Symbol, Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, Protons, Electrons, Neutrons

Answer 18

Element: Carbon
Symbol: C
Atomic Number: 6
Atomic Mass: 12
Protons: 6
Electrons: 6
Neutrons: 6

Question 19

Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Lithium

Answer 19

2 electrons in the first shell, 1 in the second.

Question 20

Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Potassium

Answer 20

2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 8 in the third, 1 in the fourth.

Question 21

Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Oxygen

Answer 21

2 electrons in the first shell, 6 in the second.

Question 22

Draw a Bohr and Lewis diagram for Aluminum

Answer 22

2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 3 in the third.

Question 23

Identify the elements and count them in 3NaNO₃

Answer 23

Sodium (3), Nitrogen (1), Oxygen (9)

Question 24

Identify the elements and count them in Ca₃(SO₄)₂

Answer 24

Calcium (3), Sulfur (2), Oxygen (8)

Question 25

Identify the elements and count them in 2CeH₁₂O₆

Answer 25

Cerium (2), Hydrogen (12), Oxygen (6)

Question 26

Name three characteristics of Alkali Metals and provide three example elements

Answer 26

Characteristics: Soft, shiny, good conductors of electricity, highly reactive. Examples: Sodium, Potassium, Lithium.

Question 27

Name three characteristics of Halogens and provide three example elements

Answer 27

Characteristics: Highly reactive, form salts with metals, non-metals. Examples: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine.

Question 28

Name three characteristics of Noble Gases and provide three example elements

Answer 28

Characteristics: Inert, colorless, odorless. Examples: Helium, Neon, Argon.

Question 29

Describe the gas test for Oxygen

Answer 29

Glowing splint relights.

Question 30

Describe the gas test for Carbon Dioxide

Answer 30

Limewater turns cloudy.

Question 31

Describe the gas test for Hydrogen

Answer 31

Burning splint pops.

Question 32

What causes the variety of colors in flame tests?

Answer 32

Electrons in atoms absorb energy and move to higher energy levels, then emit energy as light when they fall back to lower levels.

Question 33

Identify the color produced in flame tests for Strontium

Answer 33

Red.

Question 34

Identify the color produced in flame tests for Sodium

Answer 34

Yellow.

Question 35

Identify the color produced in flame tests for Copper

Answer 35

Green.

Question 36

Identify the color produced in flame tests for Calcium

Answer 36

Orange.

Question 37

Identify the color produced in flame tests for Potassium

Answer 37

Purple.

Question 38

Write the Chemical Formula for Potassium nitride

Answer 38

K₃N

Question 39

Write the Chemical Formula for Aluminum sulfide

Answer 39

Al₂S₃

Question 40

Write the Chemical Formula for Magnesium oxide

Answer 40

MgO

Question 41

Write the Chemical Formula for Calcium fluoride

Answer 41

CaF₂

Question 42

What is the name of NaCl?

Answer 42

Sodium Chloride

Question 43

What is the name of KCl?

Answer 43

Potassium Chloride

Question 44

What is the name of Be₃N₂?

Answer 44

Beryllium Nitride

Question 45

What is the name of MgCl₂?

Answer 45

Magnesium Chloride

Question 46

Write the chemical name for SO₂

Answer 46

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 47

Write the chemical name for CF₄

Answer 47

Carbon Tetrafluoride

Question 48

Write the chemical name for H₂O

Answer 48

Water

Question 49

Write the chemical name for N₂O₃

Answer 49

Dinitrogen Trioxide

Question 50

Which bonds are stronger: ionic or molecular?

Answer 50

Ionic bonds are stronger because they involve the transfer of electrons.

Question 51

H

Answer 51

Hydrogen

Question 52

He

Answer 52

Helium

Question 53

Li

Answer 53

Lithium

Question 54

Be

Answer 54

Beryllium

Question 55

B

Answer 55

Boron

Question 56

C

Answer 56

Carbon

Question 57

N

Answer 57

Nitrogen

Question 58

O

Answer 58

Oxygen

Question 59

F

Answer 59

Fluorine

Question 60

Ne

Answer 60

Neon

Question 61

Na

Answer 61

Sodium

Question 62

Mg

Answer 62

Magnesium

Question 63

Al

Answer 63

Aluminum

Question 64

Si

Answer 64

Silicon

Question 65

P

Answer 65

Phosphorus

Question 66

S

Answer 66

Sulfur

Question 67

Cl

Answer 67

Chlorine

Question 68

Ar

Answer 68

Argon

Question 69

K

Answer 69

Potassium

Question 70

Ca

Answer 70

Calcium

Question 71

Ti

Answer 71

Titanium

Question 72

Mn

Answer 72

Manganese

Question 73

Fe

Answer 73

Iron

Question 74

Co

Answer 74

Cobalt

Question 75

Ni

Answer 75

Nickel

Question 76

Cu

Answer 76

Copper

Question 77

Zn

Answer 77

Zinc

Question 78

Br

Answer 78

Bromine

Question 79

Ag

Answer 79

Silver

Question 80

Sn

Answer 80

Tin

Question 81

I

Answer 81

Iodine

Question 82

Pt

Answer 82

Platinum

Question 83

Au

Answer 83

Gold

Question 84

Hg

Answer 84

Mercury

Question 85

Pb

Answer 85

Lead

Question 86

State the main ideas of particle theory

Answer 86

- All matter is made of tiny particles - Particles are in constant motion - Particles have spaces between them - Particles are attracted to each other - Temperature affects particle movement