Electricity Flashcards
(63 cards)
Recall the basic model of matter
All matter is made of atoms made up of protons/neutrons/and electrons
Understand the role of charged particles (electrons & protons) in the model of matter
Electrons are negative and move around the nucleus while protons are positive and stay in the nucleus
State the law of electric charges
Like charges repel/opposite charges attract/and charged objects attract neutral ones
Compare conductors and insulators
Conductors let electricity flow easily while insulators do not
Explain how materials allow static charge to build up or be discharged
Insulators hold charge in place while conductors let it flow away
Explain the law of electric charges with reference to common electrostatic phenomena
Objects can attract or repel each other depending on their charges after rubbing or contact
Describe different methods of charging objects
Rubbing transfers electrons/contact shares charge directly/and induction moves charges without touching
What is current electricity and how is it made?
It is the flow of electrons created by a power source like a battery
What is the difference between AC and DC electricity?
AC flows back and forth while DC flows in one direction
Graph and interpret electricity consumption or generation data
Look for patterns such as increases or decreases over time in use or production
Assess the costs and benefits of using renewable and non-renewable energy
Renewable energy is cleaner but more expensive to set up while non-renewable is cheaper but causes pollution
Explain the characteristics of electric current/potential difference/and resistance
Current is electron flow/voltage is the push/resistance is what slows it down
Identify the components of a simple DC electrical circuit and describe their functions
Power source gives energy/wires carry current/load uses energy/and switch controls flow
Design and draw circuit diagrams of simple circuits
Use standard symbols to show batteries/switches/and loads
Construct simple circuits using circuit diagrams
Follow the diagram to build the physical circuit correctly
Compare series and parallel circuits based on observation
Series has one path and parallel has multiple branches
Design and draw simple series and parallel circuits
Series circuits are one loop and parallel circuits have multiple branches
Explain current/voltage/and resistance in series and parallel circuits
In series current is the same and voltage splits while in parallel voltage is the same and current splits
Describe the relationships between resistance/voltage/and current in a series circuit
More resistance means less current and total voltage is shared across components
Solve simple problems using Ohm’s Law
Use V=IR or rearrange to find I=V/R or R=V/I
Know the relationship between electrical power/energy/and efficiency
Power in circuits refers to the rate at which energy is transferred or converted, measured in watts. Energy, on the other hand, is the capacity to do work, often measured in joules. Efficiency is all about how effectively energy is used in a circuit, comparing useful output to total input.
Calculate the electrical efficiency for a given situation
Efficiency equals useful energy divided by total energy times 100
Collect and interpret data related to home electrical power usage
Track how much power devices use over time to find trends
State the three subatomic particles and describe their location and charge
Protons are positive in the nucleus/neutrons are neutral in the nucleus/and electrons are negative outside the nucleus
