Chemistry Flashcards
(57 cards)
what does WHMIS stand for
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
fire over a line symbol
This pictogram is used for indicating flammable gases, aerosols, liquids and solids; pyrophoric liquids, gases and solids; self-heating substances and mixtures; substances and mixtures that produce flammable gases when in contact with water; organic peroxides; and self-reactive substances and mixtures.
flame over a circle and line symbol
The pictogram is flame over a circle plus a distinctive red “diamond” shaped border. It is used to indicate oxidizing gases, liquids and solids.
gas can symbol
This pictogram is used to indicate the hazard of gases under pressure such as dissolved gas, loueried gas, compressed gas and refrigerated liquefied gas.
two test tubes poured on hands and metal symbol
The corrosive pictogram indicates a substance that can irritate the skin and eyes, and damage metals. It is used for hazardous products that are corrosive to metals. cause skin irritation (corrosion), and cause serious eye irritation or damage.
exploding bomb symbol
Used to indicate explosion or reactivity hazards, the Exploding Bomb Pictogram is placed on the labels of self-reactive substances and mixtures, and on labels of organic peroxides.
skull and crossbones symbol
For hazardous products that can cause death or acute toxicity alter exposure to small amounts of the products, this Pictogram is used to warn users of the potential dangers. It is placed on labels of materials with acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity. For instance, the pictogram can be used on containers for cleaning chemicals.
person with a star in its chest symbol
This Pictogram is used to indicate a product that causes or is suspected of causing serious health effects. It forms part of labels of products that cause respiratory sensitivity, skin toxicity, germ cell mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, aspiration hazard, specific target organ toxicity after single exposure, and specific target organ toxicity after repeated exposure.
exclamation mark symbol
Used for hazardous products that cause less serious health effects, the Exclamation Mark Pictogram indicates acute toxicity (oral, dermal or inhalation), skin corrosion (irritation), eye irritation, skin sensitivity, respiratory damage, and specific target organ toxicity on single exposure.
circle with three semi circles symbol
Indicates the presence of organisms or toxins that can cause diseases in humans and animals, the biohazardous infectious materials pictogram has been retained from WHMIS 1988. The pictogram is used on labels of biohazardous infectious materials. For instance, it is used on growths of micro-organisms like E. coli or salmonella bacteria cultures.
tree and fish symbol
This GHS pictogram has not been integrated into WHMIS, however it stands for Environmental Hazards.
State differences between elements and compounds
Elements are pure substances made up of that cannot be broken down
Compounds are made up of elements that can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions
describe physical properties
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance
ie/ colour, odour, taste, luster, solubility, texture, density, malleability, ductility
describe chemical properties
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change
ie/ reactivity with acids/bases, flammability, combustibility, corrosion, bleaching ability
describe physical changes
A physical change is a change in appearance that does not produce a new substance
Mostly in changes of state (melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition)
describe chemical changes
A chemical change is a change a substance goes through to produce a new substance(s)
Evidence of chemical changes includes a new colour, heat or light released, bubbles are created, a precipitate is formed, the change is hard to reverse, odour is released
Know the different tests for simple gas products
- O2: if a glowing splint is held in a test tube and it reignites, O2 is present
- H2: if a splint is lit, held in the mouth of a test tube, and a “pop” noise is heard, H2 is present
- H2O: if cobalt chloride paper gets wet and turns from blue to pink, H2O is present
- CO2: if a splint is lit, held in a test tube, and it goes out, CO2 is present
Know the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations
• Qualitative - non-numerical observations that are made using the 5 senses
• Quantitative - numerical observations
Describe safety precautions and equipment
Always wear safety goggles
Reread labels
Put hair up and avoid baggy clothes
(review lab rules)
Identify the two main metal groups and the two main non-metal groups
• Alkali metals - the elements (except hydrogen) in group 1 of the periodic table which are soft and highly reactive metals
• Alkaline earth metals - the elements in the group 2 of the periodic table which are light and reactive
• Halogens - the elements in group 17 of the periodic table which are one of the most reactive groups of the periodic table
• Noble gasses - the elements in group 18 of the periodic table which are so stable that they rarely react with any other chemical
Recognize trends in atomic radius
it is the size of the atom
going across a period it shrinks
going down the group it increases
polar covalent molecules
- Electronegativity difference is between 0.50 and 1.70
- One of the bonding atoms has a significantly stronger attraction for the electrons than the other atom
- The electrons are shared unequally between the atoms
- The electrons are shifted close to the atom with higher EN forming a slight negative charge, and shifted away from the atom with the lower EN forming a slight positive charge
- An example is H2O
nonpolar covalent molecules
- Electronegativity is under 0.5
- Shares electrons evenly
- An example would be O2
Name binary ionic compounds (with or without multivalent metals )
Ionic is bonding a cation ion of a metal and a anion ion of a nonmetal
First element keeps its name, second element changes suffix to “ide”
