Chemistry Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Water use controlled by the actual end user
A
Direct water use
2
Q
No fixed volume or shape
A
Gas
3
Q
Definite volume but no fixed shape
A
Liquid
4
Q
Fixed volume and fixed shape
A
Solid
5
Q
Water found on top of the ground
A
Surface water
6
Q
Water collected underground in porous rock
A
Ground water
7
Q
Separating liquid substances based on differences in their boiling points
A
Distillation
8
Q
Separating solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a material that retains the solid particles
A
Filtration
9
Q
Water changing from a liquid to a gas state, leaving impurities dissolved in it behind
A
Evaporation
10
Q
Properties that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance
A
Physical properties
11
Q
Physical properties
A
Density Color Melting point Taste Odor Boiling point
12
Q
Contains relatively larger particles that settle out
A
Suspension
13
Q
Contains particles large enough to reflect light but too small to settle out
A
Colloid
14
Q
Contains particles uniformly spread throughout too small to reflect light or settle out
A
Solution
15
Q
Anything that occupies space and has mass
A
Matter
16
Q
The smallest particle possessing the properties of an element
A
An atom
17
Q
Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom
A
Element
18
Q
A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements
A
Compound
19
Q
The smallest individual particle of a compound that retains the properties of that compound
A
Molecule
20
Q
The starting substances in a chemical equation
A
Reactants
21
Q
The substances formed in a chemical equation
A
Products
22
Q
Like charges
A
Repel
23
Q
Unlike charges
A
Attract
24
Q
Are positively charged and found in the nucleus
A
Protons
25
Are negatively charged and found in the electron cloud
Electrons
26
Have no charge and found in the nucleus
Neutrons
27
For any atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of
Electrons
28
An atom that has lost or gained an electron and thus has a charge
Ion
29
Heterogenous mixtures _____ have a uniform composition
Do not
30
Homogenous mixtures _____ have a uniform composition
Do
31
Substances that will not dissolve in water noticeably
Insoluble
32
Contains more solute than could usually be dissolved at that temperature
Supersaturated
33
Contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature
Unsaturated
34
Contains the maximum amount of solute that would normally dissolve at that temperature
Saturated
35
The dissolving agent
Solvent
36
The substance that gets dissolved
Solute
37
As temperature increases gas solubility
Decreases
38
As temperature increases solid solubility
Increases
39
Water molecules are said to be ______ which means that they have an uneven distribution of electrical charge. One end of the molecule has a partial ______ charge and the other end has a partial ______ charge.
Polar
Positive
Negative
40
"like dissolves like" means that polar water molecules are attracted to other _____ substances. The water molecules ______ charged end is attracted to go the crystal ______ and vice versa .
Polar
Negatively
Cations
41
Soft metal used at one time for paint and water pipes. It's a concern to our health.
Lead
42
Metal that is liquid at room temp. can be absorbed through the skin. A concern to our health.
Mercury
43
pH values greater than 7.0 have OH- ion
Basic
44
pH values less than 7.0 have H+ ion
Acidic
45
pH value is 7.0
Neutral
46
What are ionic compounds composed of ?
a metal and a nonmetal
47
Ionic compounds are formed from the _____ of electrons which forms positive and negative ions
Transfer
48
Molecules are composed of two or more ______.
Nonmetals
49
Molecules are composed from the _____ of electrons
Sharing
50
As pressure of gas ___ solubility increases
Increases
51
Removes nearly all dissolved substances
Evaporation
52
Breaks down organic contaminants deposited by living creatures into simple compounds
Bacteria
53
Sand and gravel help to remove suspended matter
Filtration
54
Is added to protect water from bacterial infestation
Chlorine
55
Is added to help reduce tooth decay
Fluoride
56
Name three types of hard water ions
Magnesium
Calcium
Iron
57
Hard water ions _____ with the cleaning action of soap
Interfere
58
In a water softener, the resin helps to soften water by exchanging the hard water ions for _____ ions
Sodium
59
In a ___ change, the material remains the same, although it's form appears to have changed.
Physical
60
In a ___ change, a substance changes into one or more new substances.
Chemical
61
name the 5 indications that a chemical reaction has taken place
```
Formation of a precipitate
Evolution of a gas
Change in temperature
Change in color
Production of light
Formation of an oxide
```
62
A horizontal row of the periodic table
Period
63
A vertical column of the periodic table
Family
64
Elements with similar properties are in the same
Family
65
Noble gas family contains elements that are
unreactive
66
How am atom interacts with other is governed largely by the number and arrangement of the atoms
Electrons
67
Metals tend to ____ their outermost electrons.
Lose
68
Nonmetals tend to ____ electrons
Gain
69
If an atom loses an electron it becomes a cation with a ____ charge
Positive
70
Contains gases like N2, O2, CO2, and Ar
Atmosphere
71
Contains H2O and dissolves minerals
Hydrosphere
72
Contains petroleum and metal bearing ores
Lithosphere
73
The resources of the earth are ____ uniformly distributed
Are not
74
A ____ active metal will replace a ____ active metal in a compound
More
| Less
75
The more active metals are the ____ it is to separate from an ionic compound than the less active metals are
Harder
76
Water consumed in the preparation, production, or delivery of goods and services
Indirect water use
77
____ refers to any chemical change where a reactant gains one or more electrons
Oxidation
78
____ refers to any chemical change where a reactant loses one or more electrons
Reduction
79
Using an electric current to supply electrons to metal ions, thus reducing them
Electrometallurgy
80
Treating metals and their ores with heat. Carbon or carbon monoxide are used as reducing agents
Pyrometallurgy
81
Treating ores and other metals containing materials with reactants in a water solution
Hydrometallurgy
82
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor _____
Destroyed
83
The term _____ represents a number of atoms or molecules large enough to be weighed in grams
Mole
84
____ resources are those that can eventually be replenished by natural processes
Renewable
85
We are in danger of exhausting our supplies of copper because copper atoms are being ___ in the environment
Scattered
86
An ____ refer to different forms of an element that each have distinctly different chemical or physical properties, for example, graphite, diamonds, and fullerenes
Allotrope
87
An ____ refers to a solid combination of atoms of two or more metals. An example is brass, which is made from ____ and _____
Alloy
Copper
Zinc
88
Superconductivity is the ability of a substance to conduct and electric current without any electrical ______
Resistance
89
Electroplating is a result of a ____ reaction when a coating of metal atoms is deposited by the reducing meat ions form an electroplating solution
Redox
90
Crude oil is a ____ of many molecules of different sizes. Separating it into compounds of similar sizes is accomplished through the process of ____. This works because molecules of different sizes have different _____ points.
Mixture
Fractional distillation
Boiling
91
Name the two major roles of petroleum
Building
| Burning
92
Valence electrons are electrons in the _____ zone
Outermost
93
Kernel or core electrons are in the _____ zones
Inner
94
Covalent bonds form as a result of atoms _____ pairs of electrons to form outer zone octets
Sharing
95
Ionic bonds form between atoms when the ____ of electrons has occurred
Transfer
96
When an atom has ____ electrons in its outer zone it is stable and unreactive
8
97
____ gases are stable because they have complete outer zones of electrons
Noble
98
Isomers are molecules that have identical molecular ____ but different arrangements of atoms
Formulas
99
As the number side chains of an isomer increases, the boiling point ____
Decreases
100
As the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule increases the boiling point ____
Increases
101
Name the two most abundant gases in the troposphere
Nitrogen and oxygen
102
As altitude increase air pressure ____
Decreases
103
As altitude increases, temperature ______
Does not follow a predictable pattern
104
What is the formula that determine pressure
Force / area
105
As force increases, the resulting pressure _____
Increases
106
As area increases, the resulting pressure ___
Decreases
107
Gas ____ is caused by gas molecules colliding with the wall of the container they are in
Pressure
108
As pressure increases, the volume of gas inside a container like a syringe ____ proportionally
Decreases
109
If you double the kelvin temperature of s has sample, the volume ____
Doubles
