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Finals > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Water use controlled by the actual end user

A

Direct water use

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2
Q

No fixed volume or shape

A

Gas

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3
Q

Definite volume but no fixed shape

A

Liquid

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4
Q

Fixed volume and fixed shape

A

Solid

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5
Q

Water found on top of the ground

A

Surface water

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6
Q

Water collected underground in porous rock

A

Ground water

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7
Q

Separating liquid substances based on differences in their boiling points

A

Distillation

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8
Q

Separating solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through a material that retains the solid particles

A

Filtration

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9
Q

Water changing from a liquid to a gas state, leaving impurities dissolved in it behind

A

Evaporation

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10
Q

Properties that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical makeup of the substance

A

Physical properties

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11
Q

Physical properties

A 
Density
Color
Melting point 
Taste 
Odor
Boiling point
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12
Q

Contains relatively larger particles that settle out

A

Suspension

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13
Q

Contains particles large enough to reflect light but too small to settle out

A

Colloid

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14
Q

Contains particles uniformly spread throughout too small to reflect light or settle out

A

Solution

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15
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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16
Q

The smallest particle possessing the properties of an element

A

An atom

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17
Q

Matter that is made up of only one kind of atom

A

Element

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18
Q

A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements

A

Compound

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19
Q

The smallest individual particle of a compound that retains the properties of that compound

A

Molecule

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20
Q

The starting substances in a chemical equation

A

Reactants

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21
Q

The substances formed in a chemical equation

A

Products

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22
Q

Like charges

A

Repel

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23
Q

Unlike charges

A

Attract

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24
Q

Are positively charged and found in the nucleus

A

Protons

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25
Q

Are negatively charged and found in the electron cloud

A

Electrons

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26
Q

Have no charge and found in the nucleus

A

Neutrons

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27
Q

For any atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of

A

Electrons

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28
Q

An atom that has lost or gained an electron and thus has a charge

A

Ion

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29
Q

Heterogenous mixtures _____ have a uniform composition

A

Do not

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30
Q

Homogenous mixtures _____ have a uniform composition

A

Do

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31
Q

Substances that will not dissolve in water noticeably

A

Insoluble

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32
Q

Contains more solute than could usually be dissolved at that temperature

A

Supersaturated

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33
Q

Contains less dissolved solute than the amount that the solvent can normally hold at that temperature

A

Unsaturated

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34
Q

Contains the maximum amount of solute that would normally dissolve at that temperature

A

Saturated

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35
Q

The dissolving agent

A

Solvent

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36
Q

The substance that gets dissolved

A

Solute

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37
Q

As temperature increases gas solubility

A

Decreases

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38
Q

As temperature increases solid solubility

A

Increases

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39
Q

Water molecules are said to be ______ which means that they have an uneven distribution of electrical charge. One end of the molecule has a partial ______ charge and the other end has a partial ______ charge.

A

Polar
Positive
Negative

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40
Q

“like dissolves like” means that polar water molecules are attracted to other _____ substances. The water molecules ______ charged end is attracted to go the crystal ______ and vice versa .

A

Polar
Negatively
Cations

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41
Q

Soft metal used at one time for paint and water pipes. It’s a concern to our health.

A

Lead

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42
Q

Metal that is liquid at room temp. can be absorbed through the skin. A concern to our health.

A

Mercury

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43
Q

pH values greater than 7.0 have OH- ion

A

Basic

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44
Q

pH values less than 7.0 have H+ ion

A

Acidic

45
Q

pH value is 7.0

A

Neutral

46
Q

What are ionic compounds composed of ?

A

a metal and a nonmetal

47
Q

Ionic compounds are formed from the _____ of electrons which forms positive and negative ions

A

Transfer

48
Q

Molecules are composed of two or more ______.

A

Nonmetals

49
Q

Molecules are composed from the _____ of electrons

A

Sharing

50
Q

As pressure of gas ___ solubility increases

A

Increases

51
Q

Removes nearly all dissolved substances

A

Evaporation

52
Q

Breaks down organic contaminants deposited by living creatures into simple compounds

A

Bacteria

53
Q

Sand and gravel help to remove suspended matter

A

Filtration

54
Q

Is added to protect water from bacterial infestation

A

Chlorine

55
Q

Is added to help reduce tooth decay

A

Fluoride

56
Q

Name three types of hard water ions

A

Magnesium
Calcium
Iron

57
Q

Hard water ions _____ with the cleaning action of soap

A

Interfere

58
Q

In a water softener, the resin helps to soften water by exchanging the hard water ions for _____ ions

A

Sodium

59
Q

In a ___ change, the material remains the same, although it’s form appears to have changed.

A

Physical

60
Q

In a ___ change, a substance changes into one or more new substances.

A

Chemical

61
Q

name the 5 indications that a chemical reaction has taken place

A 
Formation of a precipitate 
Evolution of a gas 
Change in temperature 
Change in color 
Production of light 
Formation of an oxide
62
Q

A horizontal row of the periodic table

A

Period

63
Q

A vertical column of the periodic table

A

Family

64
Q

Elements with similar properties are in the same

A

Family

65
Q

Noble gas family contains elements that are

A

unreactive

66
Q

How am atom interacts with other is governed largely by the number and arrangement of the atoms

A

Electrons

67
Q

Metals tend to ____ their outermost electrons.

A

Lose

68
Q

Nonmetals tend to ____ electrons

A

Gain

69
Q

If an atom loses an electron it becomes a cation with a ____ charge

A

Positive

70
Q

Contains gases like N2, O2, CO2, and Ar

A

Atmosphere

71
Q

Contains H2O and dissolves minerals

A

Hydrosphere

72
Q

Contains petroleum and metal bearing ores

A

Lithosphere

73
Q

The resources of the earth are ____ uniformly distributed

A

Are not

74
Q

A ____ active metal will replace a ____ active metal in a compound

A

More

Less

75
Q

The more active metals are the ____ it is to separate from an ionic compound than the less active metals are

A

Harder

76
Q

Water consumed in the preparation, production, or delivery of goods and services

A

Indirect water use

77
Q

____ refers to any chemical change where a reactant gains one or more electrons

A

Oxidation

78
Q

____ refers to any chemical change where a reactant loses one or more electrons

A

Reduction

79
Q

Using an electric current to supply electrons to metal ions, thus reducing them

A

Electrometallurgy

80
Q

Treating metals and their ores with heat. Carbon or carbon monoxide are used as reducing agents

A

Pyrometallurgy

81
Q

Treating ores and other metals containing materials with reactants in a water solution

A

Hydrometallurgy

82
Q

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor _____

A

Destroyed

83
Q

The term _____ represents a number of atoms or molecules large enough to be weighed in grams

A

Mole

84
Q

____ resources are those that can eventually be replenished by natural processes

A

Renewable

85
Q

We are in danger of exhausting our supplies of copper because copper atoms are being ___ in the environment

A

Scattered

86
Q

An ____ refer to different forms of an element that each have distinctly different chemical or physical properties, for example, graphite, diamonds, and fullerenes

A

Allotrope

87
Q

An ____ refers to a solid combination of atoms of two or more metals. An example is brass, which is made from ____ and _____

A

Alloy
Copper
Zinc

88
Q

Superconductivity is the ability of a substance to conduct and electric current without any electrical ______

A

Resistance

89
Q

Electroplating is a result of a ____ reaction when a coating of metal atoms is deposited by the reducing meat ions form an electroplating solution

A

Redox

90
Q

Crude oil is a ____ of many molecules of different sizes. Separating it into compounds of similar sizes is accomplished through the process of ____. This works because molecules of different sizes have different _____ points.

A

Mixture
Fractional distillation
Boiling

91
Q

Name the two major roles of petroleum

A

Building

Burning

92
Q

Valence electrons are electrons in the _____ zone

A

Outermost

93
Q

Kernel or core electrons are in the _____ zones

A

Inner

94
Q

Covalent bonds form as a result of atoms _____ pairs of electrons to form outer zone octets

A

Sharing

95
Q

Ionic bonds form between atoms when the ____ of electrons has occurred

A

Transfer

96
Q

When an atom has ____ electrons in its outer zone it is stable and unreactive

A

8

97
Q

____ gases are stable because they have complete outer zones of electrons

A

Noble

98
Q

Isomers are molecules that have identical molecular ____ but different arrangements of atoms

A

Formulas

99
Q

As the number side chains of an isomer increases, the boiling point ____

A

Decreases

100
Q

As the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule increases the boiling point ____

A

Increases

101
Q

Name the two most abundant gases in the troposphere

A

Nitrogen and oxygen

102
Q

As altitude increase air pressure ____

A

Decreases

103
Q

As altitude increases, temperature ______

A

Does not follow a predictable pattern

104
Q

What is the formula that determine pressure

A

Force / area

105
Q

As force increases, the resulting pressure _____

A

Increases

106
Q

As area increases, the resulting pressure ___

A

Decreases

107
Q

Gas ____ is caused by gas molecules colliding with the wall of the container they are in

A

Pressure

108
Q

As pressure increases, the volume of gas inside a container like a syringe ____ proportionally

A

Decreases

109
Q

If you double the kelvin temperature of s has sample, the volume ____

A

Doubles

Finals (3 decks)

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