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Nursing 104 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what is chemistry?

A

The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo.

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2
Q

States of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that has a mass and occupies space.

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4
Q

what does matter consists of?

A

atoms

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5
Q

what is atom?

A

smallest unit of matter that can enter a chemical reaction.

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6
Q

name the elements that are important in the body

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

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7
Q

description of Solid matter

A

rigid/compact
fixed shape
fixed volume (bone, Dimond)

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8
Q

description of Liquid matter

A

free flowing
takes shape of container
defined volume (water, blood, gasoline)

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9
Q

description of gas matter

A

no fixed shape
no fixed volume
take shape and volume of container
lots of energy (air, oxygen, helium)

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10
Q

What is a role of Calcium in our body?

A

Muscle contraction, nervous impulses, blood coagulation, structure of bones and teeth

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11
Q

Principal element in organic compounds is______

A

Carbon

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12
Q

________ element is a Principal extracellular anion

A

Chlorine

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13
Q

_____ is the element that is component of all organic compounds

A

Hydrogen

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14
Q

Iodine is a component of ______

A

thyroxine

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15
Q

Iron is a component of _______

A

haemoglobin

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16
Q

Nitrogen is a components of ________

A

amines, amino acids and nucleic acids

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17
Q

which element is necessary for cellular respiration

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

Phosphorus is component of ______

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – the body’s chemical form of energy

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19
Q

Role of Potassium is to

A

regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions and nerve signals, main intracellular cation

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20
Q

Role of Sodium

A

Fluid balance, nervous impulses, main extracellular cation

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21
Q

explain Physical change

A
  • it changes according to the environment(i.e. temperature)
  • no arrangement of atoms (i.e. no changes in composition
  • can be measured or observed
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22
Q

example of physical changes

A

water freezing, dry ice subliming, breaking glass, breaking an egg, heating steel, crumbling paper, cutting metal.

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23
Q

explain bicarbonate buffer system in the human body

A

carbon dioxide as a waste product

  • converted to bicarbonate ion (HCO-3) in the blood
  • in lungs converted to and release as a gas CO2
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24
Q

Example of chemical changes in chemistry

A

lighting a match, cooking an egg, bread becoming toast, milk going sour, burning wood, nails rusting

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25
Explain chemical change in digestion
converting food ingested into usable parts by the body e.g. protein, fat, carbohydrate into amino acids, glucose, fructose...
26
Explain chemical change
process involving rearrangement of atoms .
27
Component of atom and what is it called?
protons + electrons - neutrons 0 (no charge) its is called subatomic particles.
28
Filling order of shells inside to out
2-8-18-32
29
name of the shells inside to out
K-L-M-N
30
equation of atomic mass
number of protons + number of neutrons
31
What is isotopes?
isotopes has same element but different number of neutrons ex: carbon-13 has 6 electron, 6 protons, 7 neutrons
32
atomic weight equation
aw= mass x (Abundance% / 100%)
33
What is elements?
element is made up of same kind of atoms - has the same number of protons - same atomic number - can not be broken down using chemical reaction. ex: carbon, hydrogen
34
``` Symbol of.... Potassium sodium iron Chromium ```
k Na Fe Cr
35
``` copper Lead Zinc Fluoride Selenium Cobalt ```
``` Cu Pb Zn Fl Se Co ```
36
Atomic number
``` number of proton ex/: carbons atomic number is 6 oxygens atomic number is 8 hydrogens atomic number is 2 helium is 1 ```
37
elements that makes protein and water
oxygen hydrogen nitrogen carbon
38
where do you find Calcium in the body?
bone, teeth
39
where do you find Phosphorus in human body?
bone and DNA
40
where do you find iron in human body?
Haemoglobin
41
Contribution of trace element in our body? | Iron(Fe)
red blood cells
42
Iodine (I) helps...
help regulate thyroid hormons
43
Chromium (Cr) helps...
enhances insulin actions
44
Manganese (Mn) is found in
connective tissue and bones
45
you will find Cobalt (Co) in _____
in Vitamin B12
46
Copper (Cu)
enzymes, neurotransmiers
47
what is Selenium (Se)
Selenium is an antioxidant (Oxidation leads to reactions that may damage cells
48
Fluoride (Fl) helps...
prevents tooth decay
49
Zinc (Zn) helps....
with enzyme activity and growth
50
Definition of Molecule
when two atoms join together
51
Definition of Compound
molecules with at least 2 different atoms that are chemically bonded
52
example of compounds
glucose in sugar lactose in milk gluten in wheat
53
role of Glucose
source of energy for our body
54
Carbohydrate converts into...
glucose
55
Where does glucose gets stored in our body?
muscle cells or in liver as glycogen
56
normal blood sugar level for non diabetic person while fasting?
3.9 and 5.5
57
sign and symptoms of lactose intolerance
loose stools, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain
58
medical name for lactose intolerance is
Alactasia
59
``` different colours of blood red blue green violet ```
haemoglobin haemocyanin chlorocruorin Haemerythrin
60
Full form of ATP
adenosine triphosphate

Nursing 104 (9 decks)

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