Chemistry Flashcards
(60 cards)
______-is a pure substance that is distinguished from all other matter by the fact that
it cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means
Elements
_______-the smallest quantity of matter that still retains the properties of an element
Atom
______-composed of subatomic particles
Structure of atoms
_____-positively charged particles found in the nucleus (center) of an atom
Protons
_____-neutral or have no charge; are also found in the nucleus
Neutrons
_____-negatively charged and exist in the orbits/shells around the nucleus.
Electrons
______-two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Molecules
What type of chemical bonds is this?
_____-formed between oppositely charged ions
• When an atom loses or gains electrons, it becomes electrically charged
• Ions are charged atoms or molecules
o Examples: Sodium (Na+), Chloride (Cl-), Potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+),
hydrogen (H+), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and ferric iron (Fe3+) are examples of
important ionic atoms in the body. Phosphate (PO43-), monohydrogen phosphate
(HPO42-), dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-), carbonate (CO32-), bicarbonate
(HCO3-), amino acids, and nucleotides are examples of important ionic
molecules
Ionic Bonds
What type of chemical bonds is this?
_____-form when electrons are shared between atoms
Covelent Bonds
What type of chemical bonds is this?
Covalent bonds
_____-electrons shared equally
o Example: Molecular oxygen (O2), Carbon dioxide (CO2), and triglycerides are
examples of important non-polar molecules.
Non polar bonds
What type of chemical bonds is this? Covalent bonds \_\_\_\_\_\_-electrons are NOT shared equally o Examples: Water (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6), and Urea (CO(NH2)2) are examples of important polar molecules
Polar bonds
______-interaction between partial charges of polar molecules. In water
there is partial positive charge of hydrogens atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen
because oxygen strongly attracts electrons. Molecules that contain hydrogen bound to nitrogen or
sulfur can also form this type of bond with other polar molecules.
Hydrogen bonds
______-of water results in hydrogen bonds between neighboring water molecules
giving water some unique vital properties
Polarity
Vital properties:
_____-water molecules are attracted to each other and this property causes
them to exclude nonpolar molecules that cannot form hydrogen bonds with water.
Cohesive
Vital properties:
_____-the dissolving agent in a solution. Water dissolves polar chemicals,
making it a good medium for transporting biological molecules.
Solvent
Solvent:
_____-is a liquid consisting of two or more substances evenly mixed
Solution
Solvent:
_____-is the substance being dissolved
Solute
Solvent:
______-ions and polar molecules are water
soluble.
Hydrophilic (water loving)
Solvent:
_____-Non-polar molecules do not dissolve in
water.
Hydrophobic (water fearing)
Solvent:
_____-molecules that have polar and non-polar regions are
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.
o Example: Phospholipids
Amphiphilic
Solvent:
____-quantity of solute dissolved in a volume of solution.
Ø pH: measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a
solution (acidity).
Concentration
pH=
-log [H]
High acidity corresponds to a 13)____ pH
and a 14)______ concentration of H+
13) low
14) high
High 15)______________ - water requires a lot of energy to increase in temperature, and
releases a lot of energy when it cools.
o Water in blood transports heat through the body helping to stabilize body
temperature
15) High specific heat
