Chemistry Concepts (Inorganic, Nuclear) Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Material used in acrylic glass (plexiglass, Lucite, Altuglas)
A
Polymethacrylate Fiber
2
Q
Material for bulletproof windows
A
Polycarbonate Fiber
3
Q
Material used in the production of Kevlar
A
Polyamide Fiber
4
Q
Catalyst used in the production of polyamide fiber
A
1,4-Diaminobenzene
5
Q
Material for bulletproof vests
A
Polyethylene Fiber
6
Q
Monomer of polyamide fiber
A
Terephthalic Acid
7
Q
Catalyst used in the production of polycarbonate fiber
A
Bisphenol A
8
Q
Monomer of polycarbonate fiber
A
Diethyl carbonate
9
Q
Etymology of Cesium
A
Latin caesius meaning “sky blue”
10
Q
Etymology of Rubidium
A
Latin rubidius meaning “deep red”
11
Q
Helium was named after _____
A
Helios, the Greek god of the sun
12
Q
Element called eka-boron by Dimitri Mendeleev prior to its discovery
A
Scandium
13
Q
Element called eka-aluminum by Dimitri Mendeleev prior to its discovery
A
Gallium
14
Q
Element called eka-silicon by Dimitri Mendeleev prior to its discovery
A
Germanium
15
Q
How many elements in the periodic table are naturally occurring?
A
88
16
Q
Four elements that play a major role in the functioning of the human body
A
C, H, O, N
17
Q
Element that strengthens bones and aids in blood clotting
A
Calcium
18
Q
Most abundant element (by mass) in the human body
A
Oxygen
19
Q
Most abundant element (by moles) in the human body
A
Hydrogen
20
Q
Two most abundant elements (by mass) in Earth’s crust
A
Oxygen, Silicon
21
Q
Element that causes Itai-Itai disease
A
Cadmium
22
Q
Element that causes Minamata disease
A
Mercury
23
Q
Components of brass alloy
A
Copper + Zinc
24
Q
Components of bronze alloy
A
Copper + Tin
25
Components of pewter alloy
Tin + Antimony + Lead
26
What element is called the "metal from heaven" for its presence in meteoroids?
Iron
27
The only non-metal that can conduct electricity
Graphite
28
Age of the Solar System
4.6 E9 years old
29
Unit defined as the electric charge freed by radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air
Roentgen (R)
30
It is the ratio between radiation absorbed by a tissue and radiation delivered to the tissue
Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad)
31
It is the ratio between the tissue damage caused by a rad of radiation and the type of radiation
Roentgen Equivalent for Man (rem)
32
Number of isotopes of iodine
37 (I-108 to I-144)
33
Radioactive nucleus responsible for thyroid cancer
Iodine-131
34
Radioactive isotope used for kidney scanning
Mercury-197
35
Radioactive isotope used for heart scans in exercise
Thallium-201
36
Radioactive isotope used in smoke detectors
Americium-241
37
Radioactive isotope for cancer therapy
Cobalt-60
38
Decay product of Radon-222 that produces harmful effects
Polonium-218
39
Uranium Decay Series
U-238 to Pb-206, Natural
40
Actinium Decay Series
U-235 to Pb-207, Natural
41
Thorium Decay Series
Th-232 to Pb-208, Natural
42
Neptunium Decay Series
Np-237 to Tl-206, Artificial
43
Plutonium Decay Series
Pu-241 to U-235, Artificial
44
Radiotracer used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomography (PET)
18-Fluorodeoxyglycose (FDG)
45
Ionization counter that uses Argon gas to detect alpha particles
Geiger Counter
46
What compound is added to the Geiger counter in order to detect neutrons?
Boron Trifluoride (BF₃)
47
Ionization counter which detects nuclear radiation from flashes of light
Scintillation Counter
48
Phosphor used in the Scintillation counter to detect alpha particles
Zinc Sulfide
49
Phosphor used in the Scintillation counter to detect gamma radiation
NaI crystals with TiI₂
50
Amount of energy deposited by 1 rad per kilogram of matter
1E-2 J energy per kg matter
51
Material to impede alpha particles
Any material
52
Material to impede beta particles
0.25 cm Al
53
Material to impede strong beta particles
6-12 mm Lucite or Plexiglass
54
Material to impede fast neutrons
Water, paraffin, concrete
55
Material to impede slow neutrons
Cadmium
56
Material to impede gamma particles
Thick layer of lead
57
The only radioation known to have a higher frequency than gamma rays
Cosmic rays
58
Ghost particle
Neutrino
59
The unit Curie (Ci) is defined as the amount of decays per second that occur in 1 gram of what radioactive isotope?
Radium-286
60
Form of energy perceived as a blue glow emitted when electrically charged particles move at speeds faster than that of light in a specific medium
Cherenkov Radiation
61
Radiation given off by free electrons that are deflected (i.e., decelerated) in a strong electric field particularly when hitting a metal target such as aluminum
Bremsstrahlung (German: "braking radiation")
62
Glass tube with 2 metal plates connected to a high-voltage source which emits a ray drawn from the negative plate towards the positive plate
CRT or Geissler Tube
63
Color of light released in a cathode ray
Green
64
Phenomenon in which momentum transferred from a photon to an electron accelerates the latter to a new velocity
Compton Effect
65
Caused by the uneven distribution of intermolecular force around the molecules at the surface of a liquid
Surface Tension
66
When dissolving organic molecules in a polar solvent, how many carbon atoms can be taken into account by a functional group containing an electronegative atom (i.e., oxygen and nitrogen)?
5 carbon atoms
67
Extensive property that indicates the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1°C
Heat Capacity (C)
68
Intensive property that indicates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1°C
Specific Heat Capacity (c)
69
Intensive property that indicates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mole of substance by 1°C
Molar Heat Capacity
70
An inorganic mineral present in human bone and teeth that plays a role in the structural strength of bone and in bone repair and regeneration
Hydroxyapatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂
71
Component in willow trees that are active ingredients in aspirin
Salicin
72
Chemical for smell and taste
Rhodopsin
73
Chemical for sight
Retinal
74
Component of belladonna plants that treats nerve agent and pesticide poisoning
Atropine
75
Common name of Vitamin A
Retinol
76
Common name of Vitamin B12
Cobalamin
77
How many atoms are present in the buckyball?
60 carbon atoms
(12 pentagons, 20 hexagons)
78
Solid made of giant molecules which can be crystalline, semicrystalline, or amorphous
Polymeric
79
Solid made of a very large number of atoms connected by covalent bonds
Network
80
Solid made of randomly arranged atoms or molecules
Amorphous
81
Examples of polymeric solids
Rubber, plastics, proteins
82
Examples of network solids
Diamond, quartz
83
Examples of amorphous solids
Soot, tar, glass
84
Increase in temperature of the body of water causes a decrease in the sollubility of oxygen leading to the death of aquatic life
Thermal pollution
85
Formation of nitrogen gas bubbles in the blood as a result of high pressures
Bends
86
Why is water a good solvent?
Polarity
Hydrogen bonding capacity
87
Light passing through and scattered by a colloid viewed at a right angle
Tyndall Effect
88
A system, such as fat in milk, consisting of a liquid with or without an emulsifying agent in an immisible liquid, usually as droplets of larger than colloidal size
Emulsion
89
Motion of any colloidal particle suspended in a solvent
Brownian Motion
90
Passage of solvent molecules from dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
91
The amount of external pressure applied to the more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane
Osmotic Pressure
92
Pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the more concentrated solution so solvent flows from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution
Reverse Osmosis
93
Process of artificially fixing nitrogen gas from air into ammonia
Haber Process
94
Process that combines rubber and sulfur at high temperature
Vulcanization
95
Energy released when one mole of a formula unit is produced by bonding together multiple gas atoms
Crystal Lattice Energy
96
Method of determining lattice energy
Born-Haber cycle
97
Effect of uncommon ions in a solution that increases solubility
Salt effect
98
Effect of a second substance that contains the same ions that can participate in equilibrium
Common ion effect
99
Effect when Q < Kc
System shifts towards product side
100
Effect when Q > Kc
System shifts towards reactant side
101
Theory that states bonds are formed when electrons in the bonding molecular orbital is greater than the electrons in the non-bonding molecular orbital
Molecular Orbital Theory
102
Theory that states the formation of bond is due to overlap of orbitals
Valence Bond Theory
103
Gap between the s and p energy bands
Forbidden Zone
104
Chemical species consumed in an elementary step and produced in another
Intermediate
105
Hypothetical species between reactants and products
Activated complex
106
Reaction step with rate law that corresponds to molecularity of reaction
Elementary reaction
107
Acidity trend along a column in the periodic table
Longer bond = stronger acid
108
Acidity trend across a row in the periodic table
More polar = stronger acid
109
TRUE or FALSE: For all adiabatic processes, the entropy change of the system must be zero
False
110
TRUE or FALSE: For one component systems, it is possible for two phases in equilibrium to have different chemical potentials
False
111
TRUE or FALSE: The change in Gibb's free energy can be negative for a cyclic process
False
112
TRUE or FALSE: A condition for equilibrium is that
(ΔA) T, F = 0
False
113
TRUE or FALSE: Carbon-14 is continually generated in the upper atmosphere by the production and decay of nitrogen 14
True
114
TRUE or FALSE: Carbon-14 incorporated into carbon dioxide and the other compounds are distributed worldwide as part of the carbon cycle
True
115
TRUE or FALSE: The continual formation of carbon-14; transfer of isotope within the oceans, atmospheres and biosphere; and the decay of living matter keep the supply constant
True
116
What is the common contaminant in the BTEx process?
Sulfur
117
Chemical used as a plant hormone for ripening of fruits
Ethylene
118
Other name for lecithin
Phosphatidylcholine
119
Compound extracted from capsicum
Capsaicin
120
Other name for alar
Daminozide
121
Gives crimson red color in flame test
Sr
122
Gives silver white color in flame test
Al
123
Gives blue color in flame test
As
124
Gives bright green color in flame test
B
125
Gives bright orange color in flame test
C
126
Gives brick red color in flame test
Ca
127
Gives blue-green color in flame test
Cu
