Environmental Engineering Flashcards by Uraina Tabago

Salinity of freshwater

< 500 ppm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Salinity of marine waters

< 30 ppt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Freshwater body classified as Public Water Supply Class I, which requires only disinfection to meet PNSDW

Class AA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Freshwater body classified as Public Water Supply Class II, which requires conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) to meet PNSDW

Class A

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Freshwater body classified as Recreational Water Class I intended for primary contact recreations (e.g., bathing, swimming, etc.)

Class B

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Freshwater body classified as Recreational Water Class II for boating, fishing, or similar activities. It is also used as fishery water or for agriculture.

Class C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Freshwater body classified as navigable waters

Class D

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marine water body classified as Protected Waters (i.e., marine parks, reserves, or reservoirs), or Fishery Water Class II (for shellfish harvesting for human consumption)

Class SA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marine water body classified as Fishery Water Class II (for shellfish and milkfish propagation), Tourist Zones, and Recreational Water Class I

Class SB

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marine water body classified as Fishery Water Class III (for commercial and sustenance fishing), Recreational Water Class II, or marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries

Class SC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marine water body classified as navigable waters

Class SD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Useless, unwanted, or discarded materials resulting from normal community activities

Waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Any alteration in the physical, chemical, or biological properties of the environment, which adversely affects its aesthetic quality and/or beneficial use

Environmental Pollution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An industrial stream without value to the industrial process

Industrial waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical characteristic of wastewater that comes from septic decomposition of organic wastes

Odor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Instrument that measures the odor of water

Olfactometer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes fishy odor

Amines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes ammoniacal odor

Ammonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes decayed fish odor

Diamines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes rotten egg odor

Hydrogen Sulfide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes skunk odor

Mercaptans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes rotten cabbage odor

Organic sulfide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound that causes fecal odor

Skatole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical characteristic of wastewater that generally indicates the age of sewage

Color

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Color of fresh wastewater

Grayish

Color of septic wastewater

Black

Physical characteristic of wastewater that lowers the solubility of oxygen and increases the rate at which oxygen-consuming microbes attack organic waste.

Temperature

Measure of the ability of wastewater to scatter light

Turbidity

Turbidity of clear lake

25 JTU

Turbidity of muddy water

>100 JTU

Equivalent of 1 JTU in mg/L silica in water

1 JTU = 1 mg/L silica in water

Instruments that measure turbidity

Jackson Turbidimeter and Secchi Disk

Solid residue when water is evaporated at 103°C to 105°C

Total Solids

Actual quantity of free O₂ present in water

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Graph that shows the amount of DO in water

DO Sag Curve

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known

Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to convert ammonia to nitric acid

Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (NBOD)

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed by microorganisms to decompose biodegradable organics at a specified time, temperature, and pH

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Standard time, temperature, pH, and total volume for measuring BOD

5 days, 20°C, pH 7, 300 mL

Measure of the amount of O₂ needed to oxidize organics using strong oxidizing agents in acid media

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 10°C

11.33 mg/L

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 20°C

9.1 mg/L

Saturated dissolved oxygen at 25°C

8.38 mg/L

BOD reaction rate constant (k) at 20°C

0.23/day

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at 20°C < T < 30°C

1.056

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at T < 20°C

1.135

Correction factor (θ) for rate constant k at T ≥ 30°C

1.047

Correction factor (θ) for reaeration constant kr at any T ≠ 20°C

1.024

Bed coefficient (η) for stagnant stream in deoxygenation constant kd

0.1

Bed coefficient (η) for rapid stream in deoxygenation constant kd

0.6

Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solids and toxic materials

Primary Treatment

Sum of all polyvalent cations

Water Hardness

Hardness of water is usually expressed in parts per million or mg/L of ____

CaCO₃

Concentration of soft water in mg/L CaCO₃

< 17.61 mg/L CaCO₃

Concentration of slightly hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

17.61 to 60 mg/L CaCO₃

Concentration of moderately hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

60 to 120 mg/L CaCO₃

Concentration of hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

120 to 180 mg/L CaCO₃

Concentration of very hard water in mg/L CaCO₃

> 180 mg/L CaCO₃

Hard water can be softened by

Passing it through an ion exchanger

Removal of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the influence of gravity

Sedimentation

Treatment of sewage using both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

Facultative stabilization pond

Process wherein coarse material (suspended or floating) of certain size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fine wires, or rocks

Screening

Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance bacteria, parasites, and other organisms, and removes soluble irons, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide from water

Chlorination

Plastic resin identification code for food wrapping, trashbags, and baby diapers

Plastic resin with identification code 1

Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) - e.g., bottles, food containers - recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 2

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) - e.g., detergent bottles, shampoo bottles - recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 3

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - e.g., pipes, tubings - not recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 4

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) - e.g., plastic wrappings, plastic bags - sometimes recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 5

Polypropylene (PP) - e.g., straw, rope, bottle caps - sometimes recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 6

Polystyrene (PS) - e.g., styrofoam, disposable cups - sometimes recyclable

Plastic resin with identification code 7

Other - made of multiple plastics - e.g, cds/dvds, lenses - sometimes recyclable

International treaty for the protection of the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion (i.e., chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs)

Montreal Protocol

International treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhous gas (GHG) emissions

Kyoto Protocol

International treaty for the prevention or transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries. It is currently the primary basis of the Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada

Bassel Convention

International treaty for the elimination of persistent organic pollutants to protect human health and the environment

Stockcholm Convention

Document that endorses the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol

Copenhagen Accord

Chemical species determined to be a catalyst for the depletion of ozone

Chlorine

Clean Water Act of 2004

RA 9275

Water Quality Guidelines

DAO 34

General Effluent Standards

DAO 35

Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

DAO 2016-08

Updated Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards for Selected Parameters

DAO 2021-19

Clean Air Act of the Philippines

RA 8749

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

RA 9003

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

RA 6969

RA 6969 was approved on what day?

October 26, 1990

Review of process to ensure conformance with environmental standards and protocols

Environmental audit

Documentary process that ensures environmental management is effectively implemented

Environmental management systems (EMS)

Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm Convention

Dirty Dozen

An odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding 5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter incapable of carrying oxygen to the body.

Carbon monoxide

What are the 5 layers of the atmosphere?

Troposphere - Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Thermosphere - Exosphere

Atmospheric layer rich in ozone

Stratosphere

Atmospheric layer in which radio waves used in long distance radio communication are reflected to Earth

Thermosphere

Atmospheric layer where the ionosphere is found

Thermosphere

Rate at which temperature in the atmosphere changes with altitude

Lapse rate

Biogeochemical cycle that has bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of legumes

Nitrogen

Process wherein atmospheric nitrogen is converted into its usable form (ammonia)

Nitrogen Fixation

Process wherein ammonia is converted to nitrate by the presence of bacteria in the soil

Nitrification

Plants take in the nitrogen compounds in the soil through their roots. Nitrogen compounds enter the food web when primary consumers eat the plants.

Assimilation

The nitrogen present in organic matter is released back into the soil when plants and animals die. Decomposers convert the organic matter back into ammonium.

Ammonification

Nitrogen compounds return to the atmosphere by converting nitrate into gaseous nitrogen

Denitrification

Acid combination which is the dominant composition of acid rain

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid

Phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water.

Eutrophication

Measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)

Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species in the food chain

Biomagnification