Chemistry In Industry (Cracking, Crude Oil, Polymers, Haber Process)

Question 1

What is cracking

Answer 1

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons

Question 2

Longer hydrocarbons have _________ boiling points and are _______ viscous. They are also thicker and __________ in colour

Answer 2

Higher
More
Darker

Question 3

Why do we crack

Answer 3

Because demand for short chain hydrocarbons is much higher

Question 4

Cracking:
Temperature:
Catalysts needed:

Answer 4

Temperature: 600-700C

Catalyst needed: Silica and alumina

Question 5

What is crude oil

Answer 5

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 6

From top to bottom: What are the fractions formed from crude oil

Answer 6

Refinery gases
Gasoline
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 7

How does fractional distillation of crude oil work

Answer 7

Oil is heated
Gases evaporate
When the temperature becomes lower than their boiling point, the gases condense

Question 8

What is the purpose of bubble caps

Answer 8

To prevent liquids from running back down

Question 9

As you go up, the fractions get:
_______ viscous
________ flammable
_________ boiling points

Answer 9

Less viscous
More flammable
Lower boiling points

Question 10

Use of:

Refinery gases

Answer 10

Heating

Question 11

Use of:

Gasoline

Answer 11

Fuel for cars

Question 12

Use of:

Naphtha

Answer 12

Plastics

Question 13

Use of:

Kerosene

Answer 13

Jet engines

Question 14

Use of:

Diesel

Answer 14

Fuel for diesel engined cars, trucks etc.

Question 15

Use of:

Fuel oil

Answer 15

Domestic central heating

Question 16

Use of:

Bitumen

Answer 16

Road surfacing

Question 17

What may incomplete combustion of fuel produce

Answer 17

Carbon monoxide

Question 18

In car engines, the temperature is high enough for what to happen

Answer 18

Nitrogen and oxygen to react forming nitrogen oxides

Question 19

Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides are pollutant gases which contribute to what?

Answer 19

Acid rain

Question 20

What is an addition polymer formed by

Answer 20

Many small molecules called monomers

Question 21

What are the 2 types of polymer

Answer 21

Addition polymers

Condensation polymers

Question 22

Under _______ pressure and a catalyst, alkenes will open up their double bonds and join together to form __________. What is this is known as

Answer 22

High
Polymers
Addition polymerisation

Question 23

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 23

When different types of polymer react together and bonds form between them, making polymer chains

Question 24

For each new bond that forms in condensation polymerisation, a small molecule (e.g _______) is lost

Answer 24

Water

Question 25

Name an example of a condensation polymer

Answer 25

Nylon

Question 26

Name a use for poly(ethene)

Answer 26

Plastic bags

Question 27

Name a use for poly(propene)

Answer 27

Carpets

Question 28

Name a use for poly(chloroethene)

Answer 28

Clothes, pipes

Question 29

What is a problem with polymers due their inertness

Answer 29

Since they are inert, they don't react. They are hard to get rid of

Question 30

It takes a very _______ time for polymers to biodegrade

Answer 30

Long

Question 31

What does biodegrade mean

Answer 31

Be decomposed by bacteria

Question 32

The haber process produces __________ which is used to make __________

Answer 32

Ammonia | Fertilisers

Question 33

Which two elements are used to make ammonia

Answer 33

Nitrogen and Hydrogen

Question 34

Where is nitrogen obtained from

Answer 34

The air

Question 35

Where is hydrogen obtained from

Answer 35

Natural gas, or cracking

Question 36

Conditions for haber process: Temperature: Pressure: Catalyst:

Answer 36

Conditions for haber process: Temperature: 450C Pressure: 200atmospheres Catalyst: Iron

Question 37

Higher pressures favour the forward reaction, so the pressure is made as _______ as possible without making the plant too expensive to build

Answer 37

High

Question 38

In the haber process, the forward reaction is ______thermic

Answer 38

Exothermic

Question 39

What does increasing the temperature do to the equilibrium

Answer 39

Moves it the wrong way - Away from the ammonia and towards the N2 and H2

Question 40

Why do we increase the temperature a bit even though increasing the temperature would move the equilibrium the wrong way,

Answer 40

Because increasing the temperature also increases the rate of reaction. 450C is a comprimise

Question 41

The ammonia is formed as a _______

Answer 41

Gas

Question 42

What happens when the ammonia cools in the condenser

Answer 42

It liquefies and is removed

Question 43

What happens to the unused hydrogen and nitrogen

Answer 43

It is recycled so nothing is wasted

Question 44

What can ammonia be used for

Answer 44

Fertilisers

Question 45

Ammonia can be used to make nitric acid, what do you get if you react ammonia with nitric acid

Answer 45

Ammonium nitrate

Question 46

Why is ammonium nitrate a particularly good fertiliser

Answer 46

Because it contains nitrogen from two sources