Principle Of Chemistry (States Of Matter, Atoms, Separating, Bonding)

Question 1

The state of matter of an object depends on what

Answer 1

The forces of attraction between the particles

Question 2

What are molcules

Answer 2

Groups of atom

Question 3

What is an element

Answer 3

One type of atom

Question 4

What is a compound

Answer 4

Atoms chemically bonded together

Question 5

What is a mixture

Answer 5

Atoms mixed together - can be easily separated

Question 6

Relative mass of a proton

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Relative mass of a neutron

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Relative mass of an electron

Answer 8

1/2000

Question 9

Relative charge of a proton

Answer 9

+1

Question 10

Relative charge of a neutron

Answer 10

0

Question 11

Relative charge of an electron

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

What is the atomic number

Answer 12

Number of protons (bottom number)

Question 13

What is the mass number

Answer 13

Number of protons + neutrons

Question 14

What is an isotope

Answer 14

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 15

What is relative atomic mass

Answer 15

A measure of the mass of one atom of an element

Question 16

What is the periodic table arranged in order of

Answer 16

In order of atomic number

Question 17

How do you find the number of outer electrons

Answer 17

Look at the group

Question 18

What is oxidation

Answer 18

The loss of electrons

Question 19

What is reduction

Answer 19

The gain of electrons

Question 20

When an element gains ions it becomes __ve. When an element loses electrons they become __ve. When these meet, they attract to form what?

Answer 20

+ve
-ve
Ionic compounds

Question 21

Ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points

Answer 21

High

Question 22

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

Answer 22

Because of strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions

Question 23

A lattice of 2+ and 2- ions will have _________ forces of attraction than a lattice of 1+ and 1- ions

Answer 23

Stronger

Question 24

Lattices made up of higher charge ions will have __________ melting and boiling points

Answer 24

Higher

Question 25

What is an ionic crystal

Answer 25

A giant 3d lattice held together by the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 26

What is covalent bonding

Answer 26

Sharing electrons

Question 27

What is the attraction between atoms in covalent bonding

Answer 27

There's a strong attraction between the shared electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved

Question 28

What is a simple molecular substance

Answer 28

A liquid or gas / or a solid with a very low melting point

Question 29

Describe the structure of a simple molecular substance

Answer 29

The atoms within the molecule are held together by very strong coalent bonds. But the forces of attraction between the molecules themselves are very weak (weak intermolecular forces)

Question 30

Giant covalent bondings have ______ melting and boiling points

Answer 30

High

Question 31

Describe the structure of giant covalent structures

Answer 31

Atoms bonded together by strong covalent bonds. There are many of these bonds... therefore it takes a lot of energy to break the, hence, high melting and boiling points

Question 32

Giant covalent structures are __________ in water, and they ______ conduct electricity. Examples are ___________ and __________

Answer 32

Insoluble in water Don't conduct electrcicty Diamond and graphite

Question 33

Describe a metal

Answer 33

A giant structure of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 34

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 34

When molten or in solution (since the ions are free to move (and carry current))

Question 35

Why can't covalent compounds conduct electricity

Answer 35

Because they don't have any ions

Question 36

Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat

Answer 36

Because they have free electrons

Question 37

How are metals malleable

Answer 37

Because the layers of atoms can slide over each other

Question 38

What is diamond used for

Answer 38

Cutting

Question 39

What is graphite used for

Answer 39

Lubricants

Question 40

Describe the structure of diamond

Answer 40

Each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds in a very rigid giant covalent structure

Question 41

Describe the structure of graphite

Answer 41

Each carbon atom only forms 3 covalent bonds, creating layers which are free to slide over each other

Question 42

What is filtration used to separate

Answer 42

An insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 43

What is crystallisation used to separate

Answer 43

A soluble solid from a solution

Question 44

What is filtration followed by crystallisation is used to separate

Answer 44

Rock salt

Question 45

What is distillation used to separate

Answer 45

A liquid from a solution

Question 46

Describe filtration

Answer 46

The solid gets stuck on the filter paper, thus, it's separated from the liquid

Question 47

Describe crystallisation

Answer 47

1. Pour solution in evaporating dish 2. Heat. The solvent will evaporate and crystals will form 3. Leave crystals in a warm place for the rest of the solvent to evaporate 4. Dry (in a drying oven)

Question 48

What is rock salt

Answer 48

A mixture of salt and sand

Question 49

Name the 4 steps in separating rock salt

Answer 49

1. Grinding 2. Dissolving 3. Filtering 4. Crystallisation

Question 50

Describe simple distillation

Answer 50

The solution is heated. The part that has the lowest boiling point evaporates. The vapour is then cooled, condenses and is collected. The rest of the solution is left in the flask.