Chemistry of Life

Question 1

considered the smallest particle of matter that is not divisible by any chemical means and is the smallest unit of an element to enter chemical reactions.

Answer 1

atom

Question 2

All atoms of an element have a particular number of protons that can also be called what?

Answer 2

atomic number

Question 3

considered the smallest part of a compound; All atoms of an element have a particular number of protons that can also be called this…

Answer 3

molecules

Question 4

it is an interaction involving atoms of elements combining with one another; It is the attractive force that binds atoms together to form molecules and is determined by the electrons that surround the nucleus.

Answer 4

chemical bonding

Question 5

the electrons of an atom are shared. This is characteristic of most chemicals in living things. During this bond, the smallest particle or molecule is formed.

Answer 5

covalent bond

Question 6

an electron is transferred from one atom to another. In this process, when the electron is lost, cations are formed, while if an electron is gained anions are formed.

Answer 6

ionic bond

Question 7

it happens when hydrogen combines with oxygen or with another electronegative atom. This bond is weak and can be easily formed or broken. It is also an important chemical bond in biological systems as well as in determining the structure of DNA and proteins.

Answer 7

hydrogen bond

Question 8

these are the molecules that always contain carbon and hydrogen, and their atoms are usually held together by covalent bonds.

Answer 8

organic molecules

Question 9

the main source of energy in the body and their building blocks are the glucose molecules.

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

this can also be called simple sugars. It is an important source of energy for the cells and is a sub-unit for most of the polysaccharides.

Answer 10

monosaccharides

Question 11

blood sugar or dextrose

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

fruit sugar

Answer 12

fructose

Question 13

double sugar

Answer 13

galactose

Question 14

it is composed of two monosaccharides bonded together. It is the principal sugar that is being transported throughout the bodies of land plants.

Answer 14

disaccharides

Question 15

milk sugar: glucose + galactose

Answer 15

lactose

Question 16

malt sugar: glucose + glucose

Answer 16

maltose

Question 17

table sugar: glucose + fructose

Answer 17

sucrose

Question 18

this type of carbohydrate is also known as complex sugar. It is composed of numerous monosaccharides, mainly glucose, bonded together.

Answer 18

polysaccharides

Question 19

structural material in plants

Answer 19

cellulose

Question 20

energy storage in plants

Answer 20

starch

Question 21

energy storage in animals

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with no definite ratio, the number of oxygen atoms is very much less compared to hydrogen atoms. This is where the energy is stored

Answer 22

lipids

Question 23

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with no definite ratio, the number of oxygen atoms is very much less compared to hydrogen atoms. This is where the energy is
stored

Answer 23

lipids

Question 24

It is composed of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol. This includes oil and fats, stearin, palmitin, olein, and waxes; also called as triglyceride

Answer 24

simple lipids

Question 25

lipids that are found in combination with other compounds

Answer 25

compound lipids

Question 26

lipids with protein

Answer 26

lipoproteins

Question 27

lipids with carbohydrates

Answer 27

glycolipids

Question 28

composed of four-fused rings of carbon atoms with functional groups attached. It includes cholesterol which is a common component of membranes of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 28

steroids

Question 29

composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen plus other elements such as sulfur, iron, iodine, etc. It is important in the growth and repair of tissues,

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

proteins that are arranged parallel along a single axis to produce long fibers or sheets.

Answer 30

fibrous protein

Question 31

the most abundant protein in vertebrates found in bones, cartilage, and skin.

Answer 31

collagen

Question 32

helical protein, the principal component of hair, skin, and nails

Answer 32

keratin

Question 33

blood plasma responsible for blood clotting

Answer 33

fibrinogen

Question 34

actin and myosin, responsible for muscle contraction

Answer 34

muscle proteins

Question 35

sheet protein produced by silk moths and spider

Answer 35

silk pleated

Question 36

The polypeptide of these proteins is tightly folded into spherical or globular shapes, hence the reason for its name.

Answer 36

globular protein

Question 37

soluble proteins abundant in animal cells, blood serum, milk, and eggs.

Answer 37

albumins and globulins

Question 38

the component of vertebrate blood used to transport oxygen.

Answer 38

hemoglobin

Question 39

It is a simple protein in union with other substances.

Answer 39

conjugated protein

Question 40

protein with nucleic acids (ex. histone)

Answer 40

nucleoprotein

Question 41

protein with carbohydrates (ex. mucin)

Answer 41

Glycoprotein

Question 42

protein with fatty acids (ex. serum and brain tissue)

Answer 42

lipoprotein

Question 43

protein with pigments (ex. cytochrome)

Answer 43

chromoprotein

Question 44

composed of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. It is important in protein synthesis as RNA and as a hereditary material as DNA.

Answer 44

nucleic acids

Question 45

chemical reactions that take place inside the cell.

Answer 45

biochemical reactions

Question 46

contain positive and negative ions; usually composed of short chains and are often associated with non-living things. This includes water, acids and bases, salts, and gases.

Answer 46

inorganic molecules

Question 47

the most abundant component of the protoplasm

Answer 47

water

Question 48

molecules that raise the hydrogen ion concentration when added to a solution like HCl

Answer 48

acids

Question 49

these are molecules that lower the hydrogen ion concentration when added to a solution like NaOH.

Answer 49

bases

Question 50

formed from the neutralization of an acid and a base.

Answer 50

salts

Question 51

important in the oxidation of food molecules to release energy (ex. oxygen & carbon dioxide)

Answer 51

gases