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Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

Calcium function

A

Structure of bone and teeth, blood clots, activates some enzymes

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3
Q

Phosphorus function

A

Helps to build bones and teeth, involved in energy release, conduction of nerve impulses, structural component of DNA and RNA

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4
Q

Nitrogen function

A

Essential constituent of proteins, nucleic acids and co-enzymes

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5
Q

Iron function

A

Constituent of haemaglobin and cell respiration enzymes

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6
Q

Sulphur function

A

Constituent of proteins and certain vitamins

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7
Q

Iodine function

A

Constituent of hormone thyroxin

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8
Q

Potassium function

A

Necessary for muscle contraction

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9
Q

Sodium function

A

Necessary for the water balance of the body

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10
Q

Calcium source

A

Dairy products

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11
Q

Phosphorus source

A

Meat, eggs, dairy

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12
Q

Nitrogen sources

A

Meat, eggs, dairy

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13
Q

Iron source

A

Red meat

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14
Q

Sulphur source

A

Eggs

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15
Q

Iodine source

A

Seafood, iodised salt

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16
Q

Sodium source

A

Salt

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17
Q

Calcium deficiency disease

A

Rickets if in childhood

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18
Q

Phosphorus deficiency disease

A

Poor growth, rickets if in childhood

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19
Q

Nitrogen deficiency disease

A

Stunted growth

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20
Q

Iron deficiency disease

A

Anaemia

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21
Q

Iodine deficiency disease

A

Goitre

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22
Q

Potassium deficiency disease

A

Poor muscle control

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23
Q

Carbohydrates groups

A

•Monosaccharides- composed of one sugar unit
•Disaccharides-composed of two sugar units joined by a bond
•Polysaccharides-polymers composed of many sugar units joined by bonds

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24
Q

Galactose plus glucose

A

Lactose and water

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25
Glucose and glucose
Maltose and water
26
Disaccharide and H2O
Monosaccharide plus monosaccharide
27
Glucose plus fructose
Sucrose and water
28
Backbone of a lipid molecule
Glycerol
29
Vitamin C deficiency disease
Scurvy
30
Elastin and collagen are found in:
Connective tissue maintaining the shape of the body
31
Fat soluble vitamins
A;D;E and K
32
Water soluble vitamins
B and C
33
Sources of Vitamin A
Dairy, liver
34
Vitamin A deficiency disease
Vitamin A produces eye rods meaning that the KvK of it leads to bad vision. Vitamin A also prevent some types of cancer as it acts as an antioxidant and is also necessary for the maintenance of mucous membranes of the eye and respiratory tract meaning a deficiency raises the risk of infection
35
Vitamin D source
Dairy, eggs and fish oil
36
Vitamin D function
Promotes bone formation
37
Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets if in childhood
38
Vitamin E source
Vegetable oils and green leafy vegetables.
39
Vitamin E function
Protects the bodies phospholipids from oxidation and so prevent cell membrane damage. Also acts as an antioxidant
40
Vitamin B12 deficiency disease
Anaemia
41
DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
42
RNA stands for?
Ribonucleic acid
43
Anaemia meaning
Having a lack of haemoglobin or red blood corpuscles
44
ATP
Adenine TriPhosphate. The readily usable form of energy inside living cells. The end product of cell respiration
45
Dipeptide
Two amino acids bonded by a peptide bond
46
Middle lamella
Layer of pectin between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
47
Polypeptide
Between two and forty nine amino acids joined to form a polymer
48
Polymer
A long chain of similar units bonded end to end with each other
49
Unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with double bonds between the carbons of the chain
50
The basic element of which four classes of organic molecules are composed of?
Carbon
51
The monomers of carbohydrates
Amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, lipids and phospholipids
52
The monomers of lipids
Glycerine
53
Monomers of proteins
Amino acids
54
Monomers of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
55
What is a polymer
A long chain of similar units bonded end to end
56
The ratio of the elements in carbohydrates
1:2:1
57
What is a monosaccharide?
A simple sugar made of one molecule
58
What does a monosaccharide look like
A hexagon with Oxygen atoms at the corners
59
Give 3 examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose and galactose
60
Which of the three classes of carbohydrates involves food storage in plants?
Polysaccharides (starch and cellulose)
61
Which of the three classes of carbohydrates involves food storage in animals?
Polysaccharides (glycogen)
62
The primary energy source for prolonged activity
Glycogen
63
The elements of which lipids consist of
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
64
Two examples of lipids
Triglycerides and phospholipids
65
What is a saturated fatty acid
A type of fatty acid in which all the Carbon in the Hydrocarbon chain are single bonded
66
Functions of proteins
Enzyme catalysis and structural support
67
The role of RNA
Transforms DNA to proteins and transfers genetic information
68
The role of DNA
Storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms
69
The three parts of nucleotides
Phosphate group, sugar molecule and nitrogen base
70
An animal who gets two sets of teeth during its lifetime
Difiodant
71
Ingestion
The intake of food
72
The section in the jawbone where tee b are embedded
Socket
73
The form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glycogen
74
The sphincter between the stomach and the deodenum
Pyloric valve
75
The break down of toxic substances in the liver
Detoxification
76
What are teeth made of
Dentine
77
How many incisors
4 in upper and 4 in lower jaw
78
How many premolars
4 on top and 4 on bottom jaw
79
How many molars
6 on top and 6 on bottom jaw
80
The ratio between the number of incisors, canines, premolars and molars
2:1:2:3
81
The tongue forms the food into a
Bolus
82
The three pairs of salivary glands
Parotid glands (under the ears), sub-mandibular glands (below jar), and sublingual glands (under tongue)
83
Enzyme in saliva
Salivary amylase
84
Enzyme found in gastric juic
Pepsin
85
What digestive juice is lipase found in
Pancreatic or gastric juice
86
What digestive juice is Trypsin found in
Pancreatic juice
87
What digestive juice are Maltese, sucrose and lactase found in
Intestinal juice
88
Liver function
Produces bile
89
Gall bladder function
Stores bile
90
Oesophagus function
Moves food to stomach
91
Stomach function
Secretes gastric juice
92
Pancreas function
Produces pancreatic juice

Biology (3 decks)

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