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Science Nine > Chemistry part one > Flashcards

Chemistry part one Flashcards

1
Q

What does WHMIS mean?

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.

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2
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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3
Q

What are properties?

A

Characteristics used to describe a substance.

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4
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Properties that explain the appearance and composition of a substance.
Ex: Texture, colour, density, melting point

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5
Q

What is physical change?

A

Any change not involving a change in the substance’s chemical identity. Changes only in physical properties.
Ex: Change of state (melting, freezing, evaporating)

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6
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

They explain how a substance reacts with another substance.
Ex: Ph, Reactivity, Toxicity

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7
Q

What is chemical change?

A

Two or more substances that react and one or more new substance(s) are formed having different properties.
Ex: Combustion, Burning

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8
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Consists of only one kind of matter and has its own unique set of properties. Elements and compounds are pure substances. Ex: water, gold

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9
Q

What is an element?

A

A material that cannot be further broken down. Building blocks for compounds.

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10
Q

What are Compounds?

A

Two or more elements chemically combined in a specific arrangement and proportion.

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11
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A physical combination of pure substances. Each substance retains its properties since there is no chemical reaction that takes place. Ex: Kool Aid, Butter and flour

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12
Q

What are the four types of mixtures?

A

1) Mechanical mixture- each substance that makes up the mixture is distinct or visible.
2) Solution- the substances are not visible or distinct
3) Suspension- tiny particles of one substance is held within another cloudy mixture. The particles can be filtered out.
4) Colloid- Another cloudy suspension but the particles cannot be filtered out.

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13
Q

What is solute and solvent?

A

Solute- the thing being dissolved
Solvent- the thing the solute is being dissolved in

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14
Q

What is the Tyndall affect?

A

Light is scattered when put through the substance due to the particles.

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15
Q

What is evidence of chemical change?

A

1) Change in colour
2) Change in Odour
3) Formation of solid or gas (precipitation)
4) Release or absorbtion of heat (exo or endothermic)

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16
Q

What did John Dalton do?

A

He suggested that matter is made up of solid spheres called atoms.

17
Q

What did J.J.Thomson do?

A

He suggested that electrons are embedded in the atom.

18
Q

What did Hantaro Nagoka do?

A

He refined the idea saying electrons orbit the central positive mass.

19
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford do?

A

He suggested that the nucleus is made up of protons.

20
Q

What did Bohr do?

A

He suggested that electrons exist in specific motions.

21
Q

What did James Chadwick do?

A

He refined the idea suggesting the nucleus is made up of positive charged protons and neutral neutrons.

22
Q

What did Quantum Mechanics do?

A

They found that electrons exist in a charged cloud around the nucleus.

23
Q

Who organized the Periodic table of elements? How did he do it?

A

Dimitri Mendeleev.
He wrote them on cards and arranged them until he found a pattern. This layout followed increasing atomic mass and grouped elements with similar properties.

24
Q

What are periods?

A

Horizontal rows, numbered 1-7.

25
Q

What are groups/families?

A

Vertical rows, numbered 1-18. Elements in the same group have similar properties.

26
Q

What is Group One?

A

Hydrogen and Alkali Metals. Most reactive metals, react with water and air, reactivity increases as you move down the group.

27
Q

What is Group Two?

A

Alkaline-Earth Metals. They react with air and water but are less reactive than alkali metals.

28
Q

What is Group seventeen?

A

Halogens. They are the most reactive non-metals and tend to combine with other elements to make compounds.

29
Q

What is Group Eighteen?

A

Noble gases. The most stable and unreactive elements.

30
Q

What is Atomic number?

A

How many protons are in the nucleus of an atom of an element, same as the number of electrons.

31
Q

What is Mass Number?

A

The total mass of all protons and neutrons in an atom.

32
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

A

Subtract the Atomic number from the atomic mass.

33
Q

What are the properties of a metal?

A
  • shiny
  • malleable
  • ductile
  • conducts electricity
34
Q

What are the properties of a non-metal?

A
  • can be a solid or a gas
  • dull and/or brittle (only for solids)
  • does not conduct electricity
35
Q

What is Atomic mass?

A

Quantity of matter in an atom.

Science Nine (15 decks)

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