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Science Nine > Electrical Principles and Technologies Part One > Flashcards

Electrical Principles and Technologies Part One Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Protons and neutrons found?

A

The nucleus.

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2
Q

Where are electrons?

A

They orbit around the nucleus.

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3
Q

What are the three laws of electrical charges?

A

1) Opposites are attracted to each other
2) like charges repel
3) Charged objects attract neutral objects

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4
Q

What is an electrostatic charge?

A

Charge on an ion.

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5
Q

What does friction do?

A

Transfers electrons between two objects in contact.

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6
Q

When does charge separation occur?

A

When a charged object is brought close to a neutral object.

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7
Q

When does static electricity happen?

A

When there is an imbalance of electrons between two objects.

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8
Q

What is electric discharge?

A

The movement of charges from one object to another because of this imbalance.

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9
Q

What is lightning?

A

A discharge from the static electricity formed by raindrops rubbing against each other.

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10
Q

How to Ven De Graaff Generators work? (VGDs)

A

A rubber belt rubs on a piece of metal, acquiring a charge by friction and the charge is then transferred to the sphere.

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11
Q

What is electric current?

A

A steady flow of charged particles particles (electrons) in the same way that water current flows. It is the charge that flows, and the current is defined as the flow of charge.

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12
Q

What are amperes? (amps)

A

Measures the rate at which electrical current flows.

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13
Q

Every electric circuit must contain at least three elements:

A

1) energy source- a voltage source of electricity (battery/cell)
2) Conductor- for transmitting electrons (copper wire)
3) Load or form of resistance- resistance can come in many forms (light bulb, electric motor, or resistor)

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14
Q

What is a current?

A

When a circuit is closed, electrons leave the negative side of the battery and flows towards the positive side. The flow of electrons past a fixed point called a “current” and is measured in amps.

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15
Q

What is voltage?

A

The force that pushes electrons through the circuit. The greater the voltage and current, the more work that a circuit can do; a measure of the potential difference between two places in a circuit; how much energy each charged particle carries.

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16
Q

Why shouldn’t you touch a power transmission line?

A

A short circuit can occur, because the electricity is trying to find a path to the ground, you can finish the circuit but it may be fatal.

17
Q

Dangers of electrical shock.

A

0.001 A most be felt at all
0.015-0.020 A painful shock and loss of muscle control
0.1A can be fatal

18
Q

What do insulators do?

A

They hamper the flow of electricity. (wood, rubber,etc)

19
Q

Three pronged plug?

A

The third prong is a ground wire, connected to the ground wire of the building, in case of a short circuit.

20
Q

Fuses?

A

Contain a thin piece of metal, designed to melt if the current is too high.

21
Q

Circuit breakers?

A

Trip a spring mechanism, which shuts off the flow of electricity through the circuit when there is too much current.

22
Q

What are lightning rods for?

A

They connect to the ground with a ground wire and are fixed on roofs to prevent damage during an electrical storm.

23
Q

What are dry cells?

A

electricity producing cells referred to dry cells are dry because chemicals are used in a paste.

24
Q

How do dry cells work?

A

The chemical reaction in a cell releases free electrons, which travel from the negative terminal of the cell, through the device that uses the electricity, and back to the positive terminal of the cell.

25
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A paste or liquid that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions.

26
Q

What are wet cells?

A

Called wet because the electrolyte is a liquid (usually acid).

27
Q

How do wet cells work?

A

Electrons travel from the negative electrode (zinc) through the device and on to the positive electrode (copper).

28
Q

What is a primary cell?

A

Non-rechargeable cells

29
Q

What is a secondary cell?

A

rechargeable cell

30
Q

What are batteries ?

A

Connecting cells together creates a battery, which is a sealed case with only two terminals.

31
Q

What is electrochemistry?

A

The study of chemical reactions involving electricity

32
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electricity issued to split molecules into their elements

33
Q

What is electroplating?

A

Silver and gold plating is used to cover and strengthen material and protect the metal from corrosion.

34
Q

What is anodizing?

A

Coating aluminum parts with a layer of aluminum oxide, which is much harder than aluminum.

35
Q

What is electro-refining?

A

Used to remove impurities from metal.

Science Nine (15 decks)

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