Chemistry Review

Question 1

What is a Compound?

Answer 1

Pure substance can be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bond (Molecule is smallest part still a compound)

Question 2

What is an Element?

Answer 2

Pure substance can’t be broken down into simpler substances chemically. Contains one type of atom. Can be metal/non-metal, made of individual atoms/molecules (Atom is smallest part still an element)

Question 3

What is Gas?

Answer 3

Gas is when molecules are in constant random motion

Question 4

Define Heterogeneous

Answer 4

A mixture that has two or more phases

Question 5

What is a Liquid?

Answer 5

Matter with a definite volume but no definite shape

Question 6

Define Matter

Answer 6

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 7

What is an Observation?

Answer 7

The act of gathering specific information

Question 8

Define Physical

Answer 8

Appearance of a substance

Question 9

What is a Product

Answer 9

New substance formed through a chemical change

Question 10

What is Physical Change?

Answer 10

When chemical makeup of substance isn’t changed, no new substance is formed (Dissolving, state change)

Question 11

What is Chemical Change?

Answer 11

When new substance is made (Rusting, burning)

Question 12

Define Quantitative

Answer 12

An observation through measurement, a number (melting/boiling point)

Question 13

Define Qualitative

Answer 13

An observation through senses - smell, hear, feel, see, taste (colour, odour, texture)

Question 14

What is a Reactant

Answer 14

The starting material in a chemical change

Question 15

What is a Solid?

Answer 15

Matter with a definite volume and shape with particles closely packed

Question 16

What is a Solution?

Answer 16

Homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase

Question 17

What is a Proton?

Answer 17

Subatomic particle with positive charge found in nucleus

Question 18

What is a Neutron?

Answer 18

Subatomic particle with no charge found in nucleus

Question 19

What is an Electron?

Answer 19

Subatomic particle with negative charge orbits the nucleus

Question 20

What is a Nucleus?

Answer 20

Core of atom consists of proton and neutron, contains nearly all mass of atom

Question 21

What are Ions?

Answer 21

Charged atoms formed by changing the number of electrons in outer orbit

Question 22

What type of elements form Positive Ions?

Answer 22

(Metal) Metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

Question 23

What type of elements form Negative Ions?

Answer 23

(Non-metal) Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons to form negative ions

Question 24

How are Ionic Compounds formed?

Answer 24

Formed when metal atom completely transfers valence e- to non-metal atom

Question 25

How are Covalent/Molecular Compounds formed?

Answer 25

Two or more non-metals bonded together with covalent bonds

Question 26

What are the properties of Ionic Compounds?

Answer 26

Hard, high melt point, solid at room temp, don't conduct in solid state, molten state, or solution.

Question 27

What are the properties of Molecular Compounds?

Answer 27

Soft, solid/liquid/gas at room temp, don't conduct in solid or liquid state, low melt point

Question 28

HOFBrINCl

Answer 28

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine

Question 29

What are the types of chemical reactions?

Answer 29

Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Single & Double Displacement

Question 30

How do you name an Ionic Compound?

Answer 30

Metal stays the same, non-metal ending changes to "ide" eg. Potassium Chloride

Question 31

How do you name Molecular (Covalent) Compounds?

Answer 31

non-metal changes to "ide" but also uses prefixes eg. Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Tetrafluoride

Question 32

What is Combustion and what is the formula?

Answer 32

The reaction of a substance with oxygen gas, A+O2 -> AO

Question 33

What is Combustion of a hydrocarbon and what's the formula?

Answer 33

The reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O, CxHy+O2 -> CO2+H2O

Question 34

What is Synthesis and what's the formula?

Answer 34

When molecules/atoms combine to form a larger molecule, A+B -> AB

Question 35

What is Decomposition and what's the formula?

Answer 35

When a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules/atoms, AB -> A+B

Question 36

What is the formula for Single Displacement?

Answer 36

A+BC -> B+AC

Question 37

What is the formula for Double Displacement?

Answer 37

AB+CD -> AD+CB

Question 38

What is Neutralization and what's the formula?

Answer 38

Involves the reaction of an acid with a base to produce a salt and water, HA+BOH -> BA+H2O